The fundamental hypothesis guiding this proposal is that chronic treatments, known to enhance serotonergic modulation of respiratory motor output, strengthen respiratory synaptic pathways to spinal (phrenic) motoneurons, thereby improving respiratory function during recovery from spinal cord injury. In specific, we will investigate the effects of Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia (CIH) and spinal deafferentation via Cervical Dorsal Rhizotomy (CDR) on synaptic pathways to phrenic motoneuronsprior to acute spinal hemisection orfollowing chronic spinal hemisection. Our laboratory has previously shown that both CIH and CDR enhance serotonergic modulation of phrenic motor output, but appear to do so by different mechanisms. We have also shown that spinal serotonin receptor activation enhances both functional and ineffective (crossed-spinal) synaptic pathways in rats. Thus, we will apply these unique models of serotonin-dependent respiratory plasticity to test the hypothesis that they will restore respiratory drive to phrenic motoneurons on the injured (hemisected) side, and enhance respiratory drive to phrenic motoneurons on the uninjured (non-hemisected) side.
In Aims 1 and 2, we will test the hypotheses that pretreatment with either CIH or CDR enhances evoked and spontaneous phrenic activity in intact and crossed-spinal pathways in anesthetized rats. In the:next three aims, we will apply CIH following chronic spinal hemisection to test the hypotheses that CIH enhances evoked and spontaneous phrenic activity in anesthetized rats (Aim 3), restores ventilatory responses to chemoreceptor stimulation in unanesthetized rats (Aim 4), and increases ventral spinal concentrations of brain derived neurotrophic factor below the hemisection (Aim 5). This study provides an unprecedented opportunity to determine whether two unique experimental treatments restore respiratory motor function below a well-defined cervical spinal injury, and provides the basis for highly novel therapeutic approaches in the treatment of respiratory insufficiency following spinal cord injury.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
Type
Method to Extend Research in Time (MERIT) Award (R37)
Project #
5R37HL069064-09
Application #
7754390
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (NSS)
Program Officer
Laposky, Aaron D
Project Start
2002-01-01
Project End
2011-12-31
Budget Start
2010-01-01
Budget End
2010-12-31
Support Year
9
Fiscal Year
2010
Total Cost
$562,496
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Wisconsin Madison
Department
Biology
Type
Schools of Veterinary Medicine
DUNS #
161202122
City
Madison
State
WI
Country
United States
Zip Code
53715
Turner, Sara; Streeter, Kristi A; Greer, John et al. (2018) Pharmacological modulation of hypoxia-induced respiratory neuroplasticity. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 256:4-14
Navarrete-Opazo, A; Dougherty, B J; Mitchell, G S (2017) Enhanced recovery of breathing capacity from combined adenosine 2A receptor inhibition and daily acute intermittent hypoxia after chronic cervical spinal injury. Exp Neurol 287:93-101
Agosto-Marlin, Ibis M; Nichols, Nicole L; Mitchell, Gordon S (2017) Adenosine-dependent phrenic motor facilitation is inflammation resistant. J Neurophysiol 117:836-845
Dale, Erica A; Fields, Daryl P; Devinney, Michael J et al. (2017) Phrenic motor neuron TrkB expression is necessary for acute intermittent hypoxia-induced phrenic long-term facilitation. Exp Neurol 287:130-136
Nichols, Nicole L; Satriotomo, Irawan; Allen, Latoya L et al. (2017) Mechanisms of Enhanced Phrenic Long-Term Facilitation in SOD1G93A Rats. J Neurosci 37:5834-5845
Satriotomo, I; Nichols, N L; Dale, E A et al. (2016) Repetitive acute intermittent hypoxia increases growth/neurotrophic factor expression in non-respiratory motor neurons. Neuroscience 322:479-88
Devinney, Michael J; Nichols, Nicole L; Mitchell, Gordon S (2016) Sustained Hypoxia Elicits Competing Spinal Mechanisms of Phrenic Motor Facilitation. J Neurosci 36:7877-85
Navarrete-Opazo, A; Vinit, S; Dougherty, B J et al. (2015) Daily acute intermittent hypoxia elicits functional recovery of diaphragm and inspiratory intercostal muscle activity after acute cervical spinal injury. Exp Neurol 266:1-10
Devinney, Michael J; Fields, Daryl P; Huxtable, Adrianne G et al. (2015) Phrenic long-term facilitation requires PKC? activity within phrenic motor neurons. J Neurosci 35:8107-17
Fields, D P; Springborn, S R; Mitchell, G S (2015) Spinal 5-HT7 receptors induce phrenic motor facilitation via EPAC-mTORC1 signaling. J Neurophysiol 114:2015-22

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