Responses to Type B Conjugate Vaccines Amongst HIV-1 Infected Children

Madhi, Shabir A.

Abstract

Evaluation of quantitative and qualitative antibody responses to Streptococcus pneumoniae andHaemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccinesThe vertical transmission of HIV-1 infection from mother to infant can be reduced by at least two-thirds usingsimple perinatal anti-retroviral (ARV) drug regimens. Nevertheless, at least 10-12% of children born to HIV-1infected mothers will still be HIV-1 infected. The management of these children through anti-retroviral treatment(ART) and prophylaxis against common opportunistic pathogens has been successful in developed countries.Implementation of such an intervention in resource-constrained countries will only be possible through novelstrategies.Maj or causes of morbidity and mortality in HIV-1 infected children are infection by Pneumocystis cariniiand bacteria, specifically Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib).Prophylaxis against these pathogens includes co-trirnoxazole and the new conjugate vaccines. This projectwill allow for an evaluation of the effectiveness of cotrimoxazole prophylaxis in HIV-1 infected childrenand its impact on selecting for antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Furthermore, the impact of ART on theimmunogenicity of the conjugated pneumococcal and Hib vaccines will be evaluated in 250 HIV-1infected children receiving ART and 125 who are not receiving ART at the time of their primary series ofvaccines. These children will also be compared to HIV uninfected infants, born to seronegative (n = 125)and seropositive (n = 125) mothers. Both quantitative and qualitative antibody responses to these vaccineswill be evaluated.

Funding Agency

• Agency: National Institute of Health (NIH)
• Institute: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
• Type: Research Program--Cooperative Agreements (U19)
• Project #: 5U19AI053217-07
• Application #: 7679032
• Study Section: Special Emphasis Panel (NSS)
• Project Start: 2008-09-01
• Project End: 2010-08-31
• Budget Start: 2008-09-01
• Budget End: 2009-08-31
• Support Year: 7
• Fiscal Year: 2008
• Total Cost: $325,914

Institution

• Name: Wits Health Consortium (Pty), Ltd
• DUNS #: 639391218
• City: Johannesburg
• Country: South Africa

Publications

Nwosu, Emmanuel C; Robertson, Frances C; Holmes, Martha J et al. (2018) Altered brain morphometry in 7-year old HIV-infected children on early ART. Metab Brain Dis 33:523-535

Toich, Jadrana T F; Taylor, Paul A; Holmes, Martha J et al. (2017) Functional Connectivity Alterations between Networks and Associations with Infant Immune Health within Networks in HIV Infected Children on Early Treatment: A Study at 7 Years. Front Hum Neurosci 11:635

Jankiewicz, Marcin; Holmes, Martha J; Taylor, Paul A et al. (2017) White Matter Abnormalities in Children with HIV Infection and Exposure. Front Neuroanat 11:88

Lewis, Joanna; Payne, Helen; Walker, A Sarah et al. (2017) Thymic Output and CD4 T-Cell Reconstitution in HIV-Infected Children on Early and Interrupted Antiretroviral Treatment: Evidence from the Children with HIV Early Antiretroviral Therapy Trial. Front Immunol 8:1162

Innes, Steve; van Toorn, Ronald; Otwombe, Kennedy et al. (2017) Late-Onset Hiv Encephalopathy In Children With Long-Standing Virologic Suppression Followed By Slow Spontaneous Recovery Despite no Change In Antiretroviral Therapy: 4 Case Reports. Pediatr Infect Dis J 36:e264-e267

Mbugua, Kenneth K; Holmes, Martha J; Cotton, Mark F et al. (2016) HIV-associated CD4+/CD8+ depletion in infancy is associated with neurometabolic reductions in the basal ganglia at age 5 years despite early antiretroviral therapy. AIDS 30:1353-62

Ackermann, C; Andronikou, S; Saleh, M G et al. (2016) Early Antiretroviral Therapy in HIV-Infected Children Is Associated with Diffuse White Matter Structural Abnormality and Corpus Callosum Sparing. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 37:2363-2369

van Zyl, Gert U; Bedison, Margaret A; van Rensburg, Anita Janse et al. (2015) Early Antiretroviral Therapy in South African Children Reduces HIV-1-Infected Cells and Cell-Associated HIV-1 RNA in Blood Mononuclear Cells. J Infect Dis 212:39-43

Madhi, Shabir A; Izu, Alane; Nunes, Marta C et al. (2015) Longitudinal study on Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Staphylococcus aureus nasopharyngeal colonization in HIV-infected and -uninfected infants vaccinated with pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. Vaccine 33:2662-9

Alhamud, A; Taylor, Paul A; Laughton, Barbara et al. (2015) Motion artifact reduction in pediatric diffusion tensor imaging using fast prospective correction. J Magn Reson Imaging 41:1353-64