The CIPRA-SA program project grant is in the fifth year of funding under the grant U19 AI53217-05. This application aims to justify the request for funding extension by demonstrating the successes of the program to date, and re-emphasizing the relevance and importance of all the research projects. Overall the program consists of an Administrative Core A, responsible for all financial, human resources, quality assurance, data management and statistics. Core B is responsible for all laboratory support, laboratory quality assurance and the development of appropriate affordable laboratory assays for HIV and TB. These cores supports the implementation of the research projects: (1) """"""""Safeguard the Household"""""""" A Study of HIV Antiretroviral Therapy Treatment Strategies Appropriate for a Resource Poor Country (n=840) (2) """"""""CHER"""""""" A phase III randomized open label trial to evaluate strategies for providing antiretroviral therapy to infants shortly after primary infection in resource poor setting (n=375), (3) A study of the effects of antiretroviral therapy on rates and transmission of tuberculosis (n=180), (4) Evaluation of quantitative and qualitative antibody responses to Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus infiuenzae type b conjugate vaccines amongst HIV-1-exposed-infected children that are receiving vs. those not receiving antiretroviral therapy, as well as among HIV-1-exposed-uninfected children and HIV-1-unexposed-uninfected children (n=560), (5) .Innovative and affordable laboratory diagnosis and monitoring for HIV. The program has successfully completed the development of site establishment for all the sites, laboratory establishment, and secured support to provide antiretroviral therapy. With all regulatory approvals in place between January 2005 and April 2005, recruitment of patients was initiated. Enrollment and accrual into all the studies planned in the program have been completed. Overall the success of the program is facilitated by the inter-digitation of the projects. Project 1 has established a large cohort of 840 patients, providing a unique opportunity for linked studies in Projects 3 and 5 for collection of epidemiologic data and laboratory data. HIV positive children recruited in project 2 are coenrolled in project 4. Overall the administrative and laboratory cores efficiently support the research activities. In addition the statistics and data management core supports the activities of a number of other CIPRA programs internationally. The CIPRA-SA research program will answer relevant and topical questions about appropriate strategies for the provision of antiretrovirals to adults and children in low-resource settings, the impact of ART on TB and the use of pneumococcal vaccines in HIV infected and exposed children, which are of major public health significance.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Type
Research Program--Cooperative Agreements (U19)
Project #
3U19AI053217-08S3
Application #
8333660
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (NSS)
Program Officer
Reese, Karen B
Project Start
2002-09-30
Project End
2012-08-31
Budget Start
2011-09-01
Budget End
2012-08-31
Support Year
8
Fiscal Year
2011
Total Cost
$261,549
Indirect Cost
Name
Wits Health Consortium (Pty), Ltd
Department
Type
DUNS #
639391218
City
Johannesburg
State
Country
South Africa
Zip Code
Nwosu, Emmanuel C; Robertson, Frances C; Holmes, Martha J et al. (2018) Altered brain morphometry in 7-year old HIV-infected children on early ART. Metab Brain Dis 33:523-535
Toich, Jadrana T F; Taylor, Paul A; Holmes, Martha J et al. (2017) Functional Connectivity Alterations between Networks and Associations with Infant Immune Health within Networks in HIV Infected Children on Early Treatment: A Study at 7 Years. Front Hum Neurosci 11:635
Jankiewicz, Marcin; Holmes, Martha J; Taylor, Paul A et al. (2017) White Matter Abnormalities in Children with HIV Infection and Exposure. Front Neuroanat 11:88
Lewis, Joanna; Payne, Helen; Walker, A Sarah et al. (2017) Thymic Output and CD4 T-Cell Reconstitution in HIV-Infected Children on Early and Interrupted Antiretroviral Treatment: Evidence from the Children with HIV Early Antiretroviral Therapy Trial. Front Immunol 8:1162
Innes, Steve; van Toorn, Ronald; Otwombe, Kennedy et al. (2017) Late-Onset Hiv Encephalopathy In Children With Long-Standing Virologic Suppression Followed By Slow Spontaneous Recovery Despite no Change In Antiretroviral Therapy: 4 Case Reports. Pediatr Infect Dis J 36:e264-e267
Mbugua, Kenneth K; Holmes, Martha J; Cotton, Mark F et al. (2016) HIV-associated CD4+/CD8+ depletion in infancy is associated with neurometabolic reductions in the basal ganglia at age 5 years despite early antiretroviral therapy. AIDS 30:1353-62
Ackermann, C; Andronikou, S; Saleh, M G et al. (2016) Early Antiretroviral Therapy in HIV-Infected Children Is Associated with Diffuse White Matter Structural Abnormality and Corpus Callosum Sparing. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 37:2363-2369
van Zyl, Gert U; Bedison, Margaret A; van Rensburg, Anita Janse et al. (2015) Early Antiretroviral Therapy in South African Children Reduces HIV-1-Infected Cells and Cell-Associated HIV-1 RNA in Blood Mononuclear Cells. J Infect Dis 212:39-43
Madhi, Shabir A; Izu, Alane; Nunes, Marta C et al. (2015) Longitudinal study on Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Staphylococcus aureus nasopharyngeal colonization in HIV-infected and -uninfected infants vaccinated with pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. Vaccine 33:2662-9
Alhamud, A; Taylor, Paul A; Laughton, Barbara et al. (2015) Motion artifact reduction in pediatric diffusion tensor imaging using fast prospective correction. J Magn Reson Imaging 41:1353-64

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