Mitochondrial protection against excessive superoxide production involves an elaborate antioxidant defense system, including that associated with manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD). Notably, MnSOD confined to mitochondria but not MnSOD genetically manipulated to be in the cytosol attenuates radiation induced cellular damage [2]. There are at least three possible ways to enhance MnSOD activity in the mitochondria: i) increase expression of the enzyme;ii) stabilize the enzyme against inactivation and prolong its life-time;iii) utilize SOD mimetics that are targeted to mitochondria. Increased expression of MnSOD has been shown to be radioprotective and this can be attained by gene therapy [3, 4] or by thiol compounds (such as WR-1065-the active thiol form of amitostine or N-acetly-cysteine) [5-7]. We have demonstrated significant radiation protection in rodent lung, esophagus, oral cavity, and intestine [3, 8-10] as well as after total-body irradiation (TBI) [11] by overexpression of MnSOD transgene prior to or after irradiation. However, gene therapy approaches will be difficult to administer to mass number of victims during a nuclear and radiological attack or accident. Therefore, we here propose to employ stabilized inactivation-resistant MnSOD and mitochondria targeted SOD mimetics as novel optimized mechanism-based radiomitigation strategies.

Public Health Relevance

The goal of the project is the search for new effective radiomitigators - small molecules that can be administrated into the body after irradiation and prevent/attenuate the development of injury and clinical syndromes. This will be achieved by developing new types of molecules selectively targeted into one of cellular organelles - mitochondria to protect them against irradiation induced damage. Overall, six new types of these small molecules will be investigated and proposed for further development as radiomitigators.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Type
Research Program--Cooperative Agreements (U19)
Project #
5U19AI068021-10
Application #
8718986
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZAI1)
Project Start
Project End
Budget Start
2014-09-01
Budget End
2015-08-31
Support Year
10
Fiscal Year
2014
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Pittsburgh
Department
Type
DUNS #
City
Pittsburgh
State
PA
Country
United States
Zip Code
15213
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Leibowitz, Brian J; Yang, Liheng; Wei, Liang et al. (2018) Targeting p53-dependent stem cell loss for intestinal chemoprotection. Sci Transl Med 10:
Knickelbein, Kyle; Tong, Jingshan; Chen, Dongshi et al. (2018) Restoring PUMA induction overcomes KRAS-mediated resistance to anti-EGFR antibodies in colorectal cancer. Oncogene 37:4599-4610
Wei, Liang; Leibowitz, Brian J; Epperly, Michael et al. (2018) The GS-nitroxide JP4-039 improves intestinal barrier and stem cell recovery in irradiated mice. Sci Rep 8:2072

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