The major accomplishment this year has been the completion of an analysis showing that in Japan, Poland and the United States, the effects on intellectual functioning and concern for self-directedness and autonomy of both social stratification (defined in terms of a hierarchy of power, privilege and prestige) and of social class (defined in terms of ownership and control over the means of production and the labor power of others) come about primarily because higher stratification position and advantaged position in the class structure provide greater opportunities for occupational self-direction,
| Caplan, Leslie J; Schooler, Carmi (2003) The roles of fatalism, self-confidence, and intellectual resources in the disablement process in older adults. Psychol Aging 18:551-61 |
| Schooler, C; Mulatu, M S (2001) The reciprocal effects of leisure time activities and intellectual functioning in older people: a longitudinal analysis. Psychol Aging 16:466-82 |
| Schooler, C; Mulatu, M S; Oates, G (1999) The continuing effects of substantively complex work on the intellectual functioning of older workers. Psychol Aging 14:483-506 |
| Mulatu, M S; Schooler, C (1999) Longitudinal effects of occupational, psychological, and social background characteristics on health of older workers. Ann N Y Acad Sci 896:406-8 |
