Neurobiology Of Disruptive Behavior Disorders

Rapoport, Judith L.

Abstract

Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) participated in double-blind placebo-controlled randomized trails of stimulants while undergoing anatomic imaging with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The four approached are (1) anatomic imaging with magnetic resonance imaging, (2) neuropharmacology, (3) genetic studies, and (4) neurophysiological investigations. In anatomic studies, girls with ADHD have shown similar basal ganglia and prefrontal brain abnormalities to those seen in our previous study of boys. Subjects also participate in a longitudinal study of brain development. An on going follow-up study compares a brain maturation of subjects with good and poor - four years outward. These subjects and others also participate in studies of the genetics of ADHD using family association and affected-sibling designs in collaboration with a multi-center multi-institute consortium. Neurophysiological approaches have investigated the usefulness of eye movement tasks in ADHD. Girls with ADHD show executive function abonormalities on Delayed Response and Go-No Go eye movement tasks, but substantial practice effects may limit task utility. Diffsion tensor imaging studies are examining white matter abnormalities in discordant ADHD monozgotic twins.

Funding Agency

• Agency: National Institute of Health (NIH)
• Institute: National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
• Type: Intramural Research (Z01)
• Project #: 1Z01MH002240-16
• Application #: 6671544
• Study Section: (CHP)
• Support Year: 16
• Fiscal Year: 2002

Institution

• Name: U.S. National Institute of Mental Health
• Country: United States

Publications

Rapoport, Judith L; Shaw, Philip (2008) Defining the contribution of genetic risk to structural and functional anomalies in ADHD. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 47:2-3

Rapoport, Judith L; Gogtay, Nitin (2008) Brain neuroplasticity in healthy, hyperactive and psychotic children: insights from neuroimaging. Neuropsychopharmacology 33:181-97

Eckstrand, K; Addington, A M; Stromberg, T et al. (2008) Sex chromosome anomalies in childhood onset schizophrenia: an update. Mol Psychiatry 13:910-1

Shaw, Philip; Gornick, Michele; Lerch, Jason et al. (2007) Polymorphisms of the dopamine D4 receptor, clinical outcome, and cortical structure in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 64:921-31

Mackie, Susan; Shaw, Philip; Lenroot, Rhoshel et al. (2007) Cerebellar development and clinical outcome in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Am J Psychiatry 164:647-55

Shaw, P; Eckstrand, K; Sharp, W et al. (2007) Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is characterized by a delay in cortical maturation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104:19649-54

Gornick, M C; Addington, Anjene; Shaw, P et al. (2007) Association of the dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) gene 7-repeat allele with children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): an update. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 144B:379-82

Gogtay, Nitin; Nugent 3rd, Tom F; Herman, David H et al. (2006) Dynamic mapping of normal human hippocampal development. Hippocampus 16:664-72

Shaw, Philip; Sporn, Alex; Gogtay, Nitin et al. (2006) Childhood-onset schizophrenia: A double-blind, randomized clozapine-olanzapine comparison. Arch Gen Psychiatry 63:721-30

Shaw, Philip; Lerch, Jason; Greenstein, Deanna et al. (2006) Longitudinal mapping of cortical thickness and clinical outcome in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 63:540-9