Abstract

Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) participated in double-blind placebo-controlled randomized trials of stimulants while undergoing anatomic imaging with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The four approaches are (1) anatomic imaging with magnetic resonance imaging, (2) neuropharmacology, (3) genetic studies, and (4) neurophysiological investigations. In anatomic studies, girls with ADHD have shown similar basal ganglia and prefrontal brain abnormalities to those seen in our previous study of boys. Subjects also participate in a longitudinal study of brain development. An ongoing follow-up study compares a brain maturation of subjects with good and poor - four years outward. These subjects and others also participate in studies of the genetics of ADHD using family association and affected-sibling designs in collaboration with a multi-center multi-institute consortium. Associated studies document relationship with NET1,and DRD1 and diagnosis of ADHD (1). Longterm followup shows plastic brain changes in relation to good outcome (5). A planned fMRI study of childrens response to single dose of amphetamine is being evaluated.

  Funding Agency

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
Type
Intramural Research (Z01)
Project #
1Z01MH002240-19
Application #
7139649
Study Section
(CHP)
Project Start
Project End
Budget Start
Budget End
Support Year
19
Fiscal Year
2005
Total Cost
Indirect Cost

  Institution

Name
U.S. National Institute of Mental Health
Department
Type
DUNS #
City
State
Country
United States
Zip Code

  Publications

Eckstrand, K; Addington, A M; Stromberg, T et al. (2008) Sex chromosome anomalies in childhood onset schizophrenia: an update. Mol Psychiatry 13:910-1
Rapoport, Judith L; Shaw, Philip (2008) Defining the contribution of genetic risk to structural and functional anomalies in ADHD. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 47:2-3
Rapoport, Judith L; Gogtay, Nitin (2008) Brain neuroplasticity in healthy, hyperactive and psychotic children: insights from neuroimaging. Neuropsychopharmacology 33:181-97
Shaw, Philip; Gornick, Michele; Lerch, Jason et al. (2007) Polymorphisms of the dopamine D4 receptor, clinical outcome, and cortical structure in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 64:921-31
Mackie, Susan; Shaw, Philip; Lenroot, Rhoshel et al. (2007) Cerebellar development and clinical outcome in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Am J Psychiatry 164:647-55
Shaw, P; Eckstrand, K; Sharp, W et al. (2007) Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is characterized by a delay in cortical maturation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104:19649-54
Gornick, M C; Addington, Anjene; Shaw, P et al. (2007) Association of the dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) gene 7-repeat allele with children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): an update. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 144B:379-82
Gogtay, Nitin; Nugent 3rd, Tom F; Herman, David H et al. (2006) Dynamic mapping of normal human hippocampal development. Hippocampus 16:664-72
Shaw, Philip; Sporn, Alex; Gogtay, Nitin et al. (2006) Childhood-onset schizophrenia: A double-blind, randomized clozapine-olanzapine comparison. Arch Gen Psychiatry 63:721-30
Shaw, Philip; Lerch, Jason; Greenstein, Deanna et al. (2006) Longitudinal mapping of cortical thickness and clinical outcome in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 63:540-9

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