Samples and data are analyzed from a longitudinal population study conducted from 1965 to 2007 that allows study of the risk factors and effects of diabetes mellitus. Risk factors for obesity, hypertension, and nephropathy are also studied, along with the relationships of these diseases to diabetes and their effects on development of vascular complications and mortality. The genetics of diabetes is studied by means of family studies and relationships of genetic markers to disease. These findings are reported in DK069028 (Genetic epidemiology of diabetes and obesity) and DK069094 (Genetic epidemiology of diabetic complications). A genome-wide association study implicated variants in the DNER gene in susceptibility to type 2 diabetes. Patterns of DNA methylation (an epigenetic mark) in blood cells were associations with past exposure to diabetes in utero, a strong risk factor for diabetes, suggesting a mechanism for the effect of this risk factor. A variant in the gene ABCC8 is associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes. One study participant who was discovered to be homozygous for the variant had a history of hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia of infancy, consistent with reports from elsewhere of other variants in this gene causing this condition. Variants in several other genes were associated with diabetes or obesity in this population. Knowledge of diabetes risk factors coming from this and other studies led to the hypothesis that type 2 diabetes could be prevented or delayed in adults at high short-term risk. This hypothesis was confirmed in the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP), a multicenter randomized clinical trial in which many of the participants and investigators in this project participated. We are now in a long-term follow-up phase, the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study (DPPOS), to assess long-term success with weight loss, reduction in the incidence of diabetes, and effects on diabetes complications. This study is reported in DK075078 (Prevention of type 2 diabetes). Other findings related to kidney complications of diabetes are reported in DK069062 (Epidemiology, pathophysiology and treatment of diabetic nephropathy).  

Project Start
Project End
Budget Start
Budget End
Support Year
50
Fiscal Year
2015
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
U.S. National Inst Diabetes/Digst/Kidney
Department
Type
DUNS #
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Muller, Yunhua L; Skelton, Graham; Piaggi, Paolo et al. (2018) Identification and functional analysis of a novel G310D variant in the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) gene associated with type 2 diabetes in American Indians. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 34:e2994
Hsueh, Wen-Chi; Bennett, Peter H; Esparza-Romero, Julian et al. (2018) Analysis of type 2 diabetes and obesity genetic variants in Mexican Pima Indians: Marked allelic differentiation among Amerindians at HLA. Ann Hum Genet 82:287-299
Vijayakumar, P; Wheelock, K M; Kobes, S et al. (2018) Secular changes in physical growth and obesity among southwestern American Indian children over four decades. Pediatr Obes 13:94-102
Tanamas, Stephanie K; Saulnier, Pierre-Jean; Hanson, Robert L et al. (2018) Serum lipids and mortality in an American Indian population: A longitudinal study. J Diabetes Complications 32:18-26
Tanamas, Stephanie K; Reddy, Sanil P; Chambers, Melissa A et al. (2018) Effect of severe obesity in childhood and adolescence on risk of type 2 diabetes in youth and early adulthood in an American Indian population. Pediatr Diabetes 19:622-629
Paddock, Ethan; Looker, Helen C; Piaggi, Paolo et al. (2018) One-Hour Plasma Glucose Compared With Two-Hour Plasma Glucose in Relation to Diabetic Retinopathy in American Indians. Diabetes Care 41:1212-1217
Vijayakumar, Pavithra; Nelson, Robert G; Hanson, Robert L et al. (2017) HbA1c and the Prediction of Type 2 Diabetes in Children and Adults. Diabetes Care 40:16-21
Piaggi, Paolo; Masindova, Ivica; Muller, Yunhua L et al. (2017) A Genome-Wide Association Study Using a Custom Genotyping Array Identifies Variants in GPR158 Associated With Reduced Energy Expenditure in American Indians. Diabetes 66:2284-2295
Grice, Brian A; Nelson, Robert G; Williams, Desmond E et al. (2017) Associations between persistent organic pollutants, type 2 diabetes, diabetic nephropathy and mortality. Occup Environ Med 74:521-527
Grau-PĂ©rez, Maria; Kuo, Chin-Chi; Spratlen, Miranda et al. (2017) The Association of Arsenic Exposure and Metabolism With Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes in Youth: The SEARCH Case-Control Study. Diabetes Care 40:46-53

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