Over the last decade, analysis of solar neutrino data has produced increasingly strong evidence for variability. A case is put forth that the recent statistical reexamination of the Gallium Experiment/Gallium Neutrino Observatory and Super-Kamiokande data by PI Sturrock and collaborators now provides a convincing demonstration that the solar neutrino flux is not constant - rather, it varies with patterns that provide insight into the underlying nature of neutrinos and processes in the deep solar interior. The goal of this work is to provide critical observational inputs through statistical analyses of neutrino observations for use by the theory community, including two collaborators currently developing a model in which electron neutrinos couple to a sterile neutrino through a transition magnetic moment (thereby tying the observed flux to time-dependent magnetic phenomena, e.g., rotation). Included in this effort is a power-spectrum (for non-normal estimates) and time-frequency analyses. A second goal is to examine the relationship between measurements of the flux and other solar variables including measurements made by the Michelson Doppler Imager helioseismology experiment on the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory spacecraft, since this experiment probes the deep solar interior, where neutrino flux modulation is believed to occur. The results of this work and its implications will be shared with the public through outreach efforts to local groups and to the Science Explorers Club." The PI Sturrock will also develop the concepts of scientific interference" (an approach to determining the nature" of science) both to organize arguments/evidence for and against solar neutrino variability and to explain the principle at the college science teacher level in an appropriate journal article.
