This project is aimed at helping bioprocess monitoring, control, and optimization by providing a novel technique for on-line process variable estimation and optimization. Fermentation kinetic models seldom include the influence of environmental factors, like pH and temperature. The development of accurate quantitative models, which simulate how cells respond to various environmental changes, will help in better utilizing the chemical synthesis capabilities of cells. The proposed method will use environmental and physiological information available from on-line sensors to estimate concentration of species in a bioreactor. Based on these estimates, the optimization scheme will provide the best environmental conditions which will drive the cells to their maximum productivity.