The main objective of this research project is to embed pressure, temperature and relative humidity sensors throughout a fuel cell stack to nurture deeper understanding and the development of a more accurate model, with the ultimate goal of achieving improved fuel cell performance, reliability and durability through advanced controls. Specifically, we will (i) determine the optimal locations for the embedded sensors; (ii) fabricate simple fuel cells and integrate a set of embedded sensors; (iii) perform designed experiments; (iv) interpret and utilize the sensor data to develop a phenomenological model that captures the humidity, temperature and pressure behavior inside the cell; (v) develop control and estimation algorithms for improved humidity control and water management for improved fuel cell efficiency; and finally (iv) an active humidifier will be used to confirm the effectiveness of the developed control algorithm. As seen in many prior publications, when humidity of a fuel cell is not actively managed, dehydration or flooding adversely influences the performance of the stack. When the membrane water content is inadequate, the cell becomes less efficient and produces more heat, thus creates a positive feedback that can eventually lead to cell failure. Accurate model-based humidity control is expected to stabilize cell voltage and significantly improve membrane durability and long-term performance.
