Molecular evolution is a synthetic discipline that employs the tools of molecular biology to study patterns and processes of genetic change in organisms. This rapidly developing field ranges from the study of viral evolution to plant organellar evolution, human evolution, and the evolution of specific gene families (e.g., hemoglobins and immunoglobulins). Many of these research fields are advancing independently, and as a consequence, similar problems are sometimes solved independently. The purpose of the UCLA-sponsored conference on Molecular Evolution is to evaluate past accomplishments and to stimulate coordinated research among molecular and organismal biologists. The program presents a unique opportunity for evolutionary biologists, with their expertise at the organismal level, and molecular biologists, with their knowledge of biochemical techniques, to interact in a setting that facilitates interdisciplinary exchange and stimulates new approaches to common problems. The conference will also provide an opportunity for discussion about how an understanding of principles of molecular evolution can be applied to global problems in health care, agriculture, and the environment. Nearly 50 invited speakers will participate, along with other senior investigators as well as more than 60 graduate students and postdoctoral researchers.