A hierarchy of lead-free solders are scientifically designed using thermodynamic calculations of ternary and quaternary phase diagrams. Metal elements under consideration include Sn, Sb, Cu, Ag, Bi, Zn, Al, In, and Au. Solders are processed and analyzed for the phases present. Wettability, mechanical strength, and fatigue properties are measured. An iterative approach is taken to assist in the materials selection. In a later phase promising solders will be investigated with the assistance of electronic device manufacturers with funding from industry. %%% This research is aimed at creating lead-free solders for industry/environmental improvement. Processing and reliability of the solders are addressed.
