Technical Abstract: Microwave spectroscopy techniques are being applied to several areas of condensed matter physics. The project includes investigations of spin relaxation and transport at interfaces, high-Tc superconductivity, strong localization in both random and periodic structures. A new project undertaken in collaboration with a noted theorist from AT&T Bell Laboratories will address the area of two- dimensional electron gas and coupled quantum wells. The primary theme of the research is the study of transport of electrons and electromagnetic waves through solid state structures. The principal investigator has been unusually successful in carrying these fundamental studies further to technological areas (funded by other sources) leading to patent production and stimulation of small business activity. %%% Non-Technical Abstract: This project uses microwave radiation to probe the properties of a wide range of materials, which include metals, high-Tc superconductors, and semiconductors. The research focuses on the electrical conductivity and response of these materials to microwaves. This fundamental research complements and enables technological projects in which the principal investigator is involved and which have lead to patents and techniques stimulating small businesses .