This research concerns three areas of spectral geometry: (1) spectral geometry, trace formulas, and determinants for Kleinian groups, (2) finiteness and compactness theorems for isopectral Riemannian manifolds, and (3) spectral geometry of free boundary problems. The research concerns the development of trace formulas and the study of determinants of Laplacians for arbitrary geometrically finite discrete groups of hyperbolic isometries. The emphasis is on co-infinite volume groups, and the goal is to understand poles of the scattering operator geometrically and to study the behavior of the determinant of the Laplacian and Selberg zeta function under deformations. This research is in the general area of geometry and, in particular, Kleinian groups acting on hyperbolic n-dimensional space. The research has significance both to geometry and to mathematical physics.