The principal investigator will experimentally study aspects of fluids and melts in a reduced mantle. In particular, he will work on application of the sulfide oxybarometer to mantle phase assemblages, the determination of moissanite stability, the determination of CO solubility and speciation in sodium silicate melt, and the determination of the solubility of certain mineral assemblages in methane-bearing fluid at mantle pressures. All these studies have bearing on the redox state of the mantle at present and in the past, and on the development of the Earth as a whole over time.