The Fellow will examine the theoretical development of thermodynamic equations of state for surface complexes in order to determine whether the primary mode of geochemical mass transfer is by partitioning of species between aqueous solutions and minerals through the formation of chemical bonds at the surfaces. Development of a thermodynamic model for surface complexes will focus on a number of oxides and silicates. Models will then be extended to include other classes of aqueous species and minerals and tested with available experimental data. The Fellow has chosen to conduct her fellowship tenure at the University of California at Berkeley.