This collaboration between Martin Flower, University of Illinois, Chicago, and Xie Guanghong, Chinese Academy of Sciences' Institute of Geochemistry, is a joint geochemical study of xenoliths and mineral separates from southern and eastern China. Results of this study will be used to evaluate aspects of the sub-continental mantle lithosphere, and will provide important data previously not available. Questions being addressed in this research are important for understanding formation of the lithosphere and its evolution over geologic time. Collaboration with Chinese scientists will provide access to remote, previously unsampled sites and use of Chinese laboratories. The project will also support the participation of an American graduate student.