This is a three-year cooperative study proposed by Dr. Steven Hamburg, the University of Kansas, and Dr. Hen Biau King, Taiwan Forest Research Institute. This proposal plans to study the effects of air pollution on subtropical forests in Taiwan. The funds requested are primarily for supporting a graduate student and travel. The Taiwan Forest Research Institute and the Taiwan National Science Council have provided the primary logistic and laboratory support for this study. This is an important project since it can provide critical information for subtropical forest research. The success of this study can enhance our understanding of dynamics of the subtropical rainforest ecosystem and its response to pollution stress and atmosphere/biosphere interactions.