Many divergent forms of locomotor styles exist among the tetrapod (four-footed) groups of vertebrates. The design of an avian wing represents a balance between selective pressures driving the energetic efficiency of this rapidly oscillating forelimb and those retaining maneuverability for flight. This highly sophisticated structure provides aerodynamic lift, propulsion, and some degree of directional control during aerial locomotion. In this award, Dr. Kenneth Dial will study neuromuscular coordination by determining the activity patterns of selected avain flight muscles during maneuverable free-flight and during prolonged steady-state (wind tunnel) flight. In addition, recordings will be made of the magnitude and time course of forces generated by the primary flight muscles during steady-state and maneuverable flight. From these measurements, the bilateral symmetry of forces developed by the primary flight muscles can be determined, and the mechanical power output during various modes of locomotion can be calculated. These studies will contribute basic knowledge to understanding the control of movement.
