Insulin is a protein hormone important in the regulation of blood sugar or glucose. This hormone exerts its effects on cells by binding to a cell surface receptor. This binding causes the receptor to transmit signals into the interior of the cell which result in the uptake of glucose. While we know a great deal about the insulin receptor structure, it is not clear how its signals are transmitted within the cell or the components of its signalling pathway. Dr. Garofalo is using Drosophila as a model to define the mechanisms of action of the insulin receptor. Drosophila contain both an insulin-like hormone and an insulin receptor which are strikingly similar to their human counterparts. Since it is likely that the biochemical pathway involving this receptor has been conserved, research in this species which offers an unique advantage over other experimental systems will undoubtedly lead to a better understanding of the components in the insulin receptor signalling pathway. To address this important question, Dr. Garofalo is generating and characterizing mutations in the insulin receptor. By examining the consequences of these mutations, he will begin to unravel the function of the receptor. This will provide a better understanding of the roles of the insulin receptor in development, and should also lead to the identification of other genes encoding proteins important in signal transduction cascades initiated by insulin or insulin-like growth factors. Basic research on this fundamental mechanism is important for our understanding of the pathogenesis and treatment of diabetes, a consequence of insulin deficiency and may eventually lead to identity of possible targets for therapeutic intervention.
