The overall goal of the project is to evaluate Phosphorus accumulation rates at an array of sites using ODP cores and targeting glacial-interglacial (G-I) time scales. These P accumulation rates (PAR) will then be used to construct time-dependent mass balance for the oceans, to evaluate how this has changed on G-I time scales. Subsidiary goals are to contrast PAR to other proxies for bioactive elements. The understanding how the P budget evolves through time is important for insights into how the coupled ocean-atmosphere system.