This project will analyze trace metals in planktic and benthic forminifera from plankton, sediment-trap, and sediment samples collected from the Southern Ocean. The goal is to assess the potential of Cd, Ba, Mg and Sr as tracers of environmental conditions, and the degree of diagenetic effects. Downcore studies will be used to produce new high-resolution paleochemical records of surface and deep Southern Ocean waters during the last glacial.interglacial cycle.