Research in nuclear and particle astrophysics will investigate microscopical issues concerning neutrinos in dense matter and their role in supernovae, including their explosion and synthesis of heavy elements. A major goal is to more accurately calculate observable signatures of neutrinos in terrestrial detectors. This will be accomplished by the creation of an improved code to study neutrino flows within proto-neutron stars and emerging neutrino spectra for all neutrino flavors. Among the important theoretical issues to be addressed are the possible mixing of neutrinos from one flavor to another and fundamental calculations of neutrino-matter interactions. The net production of supernova neutrinos over cosmological times will be investigated to determine if these relics are observable.