9318926 FLANDERS The proposed research will look at the management of protected natural areas under continuing human use of their natural resources. The central question will be whether local community use and knowledge reduces uncertainty in managing for ecosystem reproducibility and landscape diversity. The research also addresses the questions of whether it is possible to have continuing human use of resources and still protect the ecology of protected areas, and how different management systems affect the successful integration of human activities into natural systems. The research will develop quantitative ecosystem management models for national parks which incorporate information from local and traditional users. Studies will be conducted on national park units in Alaska, Newfoundland and Finnish Lappland. This project will take a systems approach to the analysis of human/environment interactions in Arctic regions of relevance to global change research. ***
