The theory of measurement, which provides rigorous methods for assigning numbers to and developing various numerically based mathematical structures for empirical phenomenon, has generated in the last twenty years many new fundamental ideas that are applicable to science -- particularly experimental sciences that use sophisticated mathematical models. This research exploits and extends these recent developments by (1) directly applying them to areas of behavioral science that employ formal models of human judgment and decision, and (2) by developing new methods of measurement and new mathematical models that take into account empirical facts that contradict important, widely applied models of judgment and decision. Because of the wide use by the military, the government, and business of complicated decision strategies that have human judgments and the results of human decisions as inputs, the results of this research are expected to provide a basis for improving such decision strategies.
