The focus of this application is to systematically explore functional and molecular differences in astrocytes from hippocampal and striatal circuits, and thus obtain a quantitative understanding of astrocyte heterogeneity between these regions. Astrocytes are ubiquitous glial cells that interact with neurons via fine specialised distal extensions called processes. These cells serve a variety of important homeostatic roles within circuits, regulate synapse formation/removal and modulate synaptic transmission. It has generally been assumed that astrocytes are a homogenous glue throughout the brain. A significant bottleneck to critically assessing this view has been the lack of data on astrocyte properties in different parts of the brain. Thus we lack information that is necessary to systematically evaluate if astrocytes are functionally diverse within circuits that serve separate functions. The current application seeks to test the hypothesis that astrocytes are diverse in two brain circuitries with distinct functional roles. Specifically, this application seeks to extend insights made in our laboratory that revealed functional differences between striatal and hippocampal astrocytes, and preferential dysfunction of striatal astrocytes in mouse models of Huntington's disease. I will test the hypothesis that astrocytes in the hippocampus and striatum have distinct functional, morphological and molecular properties. This hypothesis gains support from preliminary data shown in the application that I gathered using immunohistochemical analyses of GFAP and Aldh1L1 reporter gene expression in the hippocampus and striatum. Further support comes from ongoing physiological experiments suggesting functional and morphological differences between astrocytes in these two brain regions. I will logically extend these initial findings with three specific aims.
The first aim will test the hypothesis that functinal properties of striatal and hippocampal astrocytes differ.
The second aim will test the hypothesis that striatal and hippocampal astrocyte morphology and astrocyte network topography differ.
The third aim will test the hypothesis that the proteome of hippocampal and striatal astrocytes differ and that this can explain functional differences studied in aims 1 and 2.
Astrocytes constitute about 50% of the cells in the adult human brain, and are involved in diverse functions necessary to the central nervous system. However, much remains to be understood about these cells. The results of this study have broad relevance for brain disorders as astrocytes are implicated in a wide range of neurological and psychiatric diseases, including mood disorders, epilepsy, and Huntington's disease to name a few.
| Octeau, J Christopher; Chai, Hua; Jiang, Ruotian et al. (2018) An Optical Neuron-Astrocyte Proximity Assay at Synaptic Distance Scales. Neuron 98:49-66.e9 |
| Chai, Hua; Diaz-Castro, Blanca; Shigetomi, Eiji et al. (2017) Neural Circuit-Specialized Astrocytes: Transcriptomic, Proteomic, Morphological, and Functional Evidence. Neuron 95:531-549.e9 |
| Srinivasan, Rahul; Lu, Tsai-Yi; Chai, Hua et al. (2016) New Transgenic Mouse Lines for Selectively Targeting Astrocytes and Studying Calcium Signals in Astrocyte Processes In Situ and In Vivo. Neuron 92:1181-1195 |
