Each year, approximately 140,000 Americans develop acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and 40% of these patients die. Yet, only 5% of all ARDS randomized clinical trials (RCTs) designed to detect reductions in mortality have been able to identify new, successful interventions. In addition to improving survival, a 2009 NHLBI workshop identified several priorities for future ARDS RCTs, including the development of strategies to enroll fewer patients and a focus on longer-term patient-centered endpoints for ARDS survivors. Although the critical care community has sought to identify interventions' effects on post intensive care unit (ICU) endpoints such as quality of life (QOL) and physical and cognitive functioning, there are several methodological challenges in assessing non-mortal endpoints among ARDS patients. These include missing data resulting from high patient mortality rates (i.e., censoring from death), heterogeneous treatment effects among subsets of ARDS patients, and the lack of validated, early surrogate endpoints for long-term patient-centered outcomes. The overall goal of this research and training plan is to execute three interrelated studies as the subject of a doctoral dissertation in clinical epidemiology that will have immediate relevance in improving the conduct, analysis and application of findings from RCTs for ARDS patients. First, in Aim 1, we will advance an innovative statistical framework for the analysis of short- and long-term non-mortal outcomes that addresses the biases resulting from death-induced missing data. Specifically, we will utilize a joint modeling framework with longitudinal and survival components, resulting in gains in statistical power (potentially reducing the needed sample sizes in RCTs), while offering greater clinical and statistical inference than current methods commonly used in RCTs. Next, in Aim 2, we will generate a multivariable risk score based on patient-level data that can be used to guide more individualized treatment recommendations among heterogeneous ARDS patients, and integrate it into our joint modeling framework. Finally, in Aim 3, we will seek to identify threshold effects of ICU ventilation exposure (e.g., time requiring mechanical ventilation, ventilator-free days) that predict long-term mortality and post-ICU QOL. A rigorous curriculum including didactic and experiential learning in critical care, statistics, and advanced epidemiology will round out the applicant's training, preparing him to be an independent and collaborative faculty investigator and critical care trialis at the completion of his PhD.

Public Health Relevance

To develop more successful therapies for acute respiratory distress syndrome patients, investigators must address several methodological challenges inherent in studying a very sick and diverse population. Using real clinical trial data to inform statistical simulations, this proposal will improve upon the strategies available to surmount problems of missing data due to high death rates, identify treatments' differential effects among variable patient types, and efficiently quantify interventions' effects on patient-centered outcomes such as quality-of-life following an ICU stay.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
Type
Predoctoral Individual National Research Service Award (F31)
Project #
5F31HL127947-02
Application #
9133161
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZRG1)
Program Officer
Colombini-Hatch, Sandra
Project Start
2015-03-12
Project End
2017-03-11
Budget Start
2016-03-12
Budget End
2017-03-11
Support Year
2
Fiscal Year
2016
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Pennsylvania
Department
Biostatistics & Other Math Sci
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
042250712
City
Philadelphia
State
PA
Country
United States
Zip Code
19104
Brown, Justin C; Harhay, Michael O; Harhay, Meera N (2018) Self-reported major mobility disability and mortality among cancer survivors. J Geriatr Oncol 9:459-463
Brown, Justin C; Harhay, Michael O; Harhay, Meera N (2018) Anthropometrically predicted visceral adipose tissue and blood-based biomarkers: a cross-sectional analysis. Eur J Nutr 57:191-198
Brown, Justin C; Harhay, Michael O; Harhay, Meera N (2017) Physical activity, diet quality, and mortality among sarcopenic older adults. Aging Clin Exp Res 29:257-263
Brown, J C; Harhay, M O; Harhay, M N (2017) Appendicular Lean Mass and Mortality among Prefrail and Frail Older Adults. J Nutr Health Aging 21:342-345
Detsky, Michael E; Harhay, Michael O; Bayard, Dominique F et al. (2017) Six-Month Morbidity and Mortality among Intensive Care Unit Patients Receiving Life-Sustaining Therapy. A Prospective Cohort Study. Ann Am Thorac Soc 14:1562-1570
Brown, Justin C; Harhay, Michael O; Harhay, Meera N (2017) Anthropometrically-predicted visceral adipose tissue and mortality among men and women in the third national health and nutrition examination survey (NHANES III). Am J Hum Biol 29:
Harhay, Michael O; Ratcliffe, Sarah J; Halpern, Scott D (2017) Measurement Error Due to Patient Flow in Estimates of Intensive Care Unit Length of Stay. Am J Epidemiol 186:1389-1395
Brown, Justin C; Harhay, Michael O; Harhay, Meera N (2017) Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and mortality among cancer survivors. Cancer Epidemiol 48:104-109
Harhay, Meera N; Harhay, Michael O; Coto-Yglesias, Fernando et al. (2016) Altitude and regional gradients in chronic kidney disease prevalence in Costa Rica: Data from the Costa Rican Longevity and Healthy Aging Study. Trop Med Int Health 21:41-51
Brown, J C; Harhay, M O; Harhay, M N (2016) Visceral adipose tissue dysfunction and mortality among a population-based sample of males and females. Diabetes Metab 42:382-385

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