Early life stress (ELS), including abuse, neglect, and loss, is associated with dramatic increases in lifelong risk for the development of mental and physical health difficulties. The mechanisms through which ELS confers risk for these negative outcomes, however, are not well understood. Stressful life experiences activate the stress response systems, and high levels of stress have been linked to telomere shortening, an epigenetic marker of aging. Thus, shorter telomere length may be one mechanism through which ELS leads to negative health outcomes later in life. In the proposed study we will examine the association of ELS with a measure of cellular aging, as well as with measures of mental and physical health during childhood. More specifically, we will examine in a large sample of pre-pubertal boys and girls the association between ELS and telomere length, as well as rate of telomere attrition across the pubertal period as a function of early experiences of stress. We will also examine the link between ELS and irritability, a common characteristic of several psychiatric disorders, that has been associated with more severe and chronic forms of mental health difficulties. In addition, we also will examine the association between ELS and physical health, given that global measures of health in childhood are likely to precede the onset of specific diseases of aging in adulthood. Finally, we will examine the degree to which variability in telomere length explains increased irritability and physical health problems in individuals with a history of ELS, in order to test a potential mechanism by which early adverse experiences result in maladaptive outcomes. The results of this study will not only increase our understanding of the relations among ELS, telomere length, and health outcomes, but will also provide insight into a markers of cellular aging longitudinally during the important developmental period of adolescence, a stage of increased risk for the onset of mental health difficulties following ELS. Thus, we anticipate that the current study will contribute to our understanding both of models of the onset of psychopathology following ELS and of mechanisms by which ELS confers heightened risk for negative health outcomes. Findings from the proposed study will increase our knowledge of biological responses to stress and will provide insight into the onset and progression of disease following early adversity.

Public Health Relevance

Early life stress (ELS), including abuse, neglect, and loss, is associated with dramatic increases in lifelong risk for the development of mental and physical health difficulties. Yet, the mechanism through which ELS confers risk for these negative outcomes are not well understood. In the proposed study we will examine the association of ELS with a measure of cellular aging, as well as to measures of mental and physical health during childhood. Findings from the proposed study will increase our understanding of biological responses to stress and may provide insight into disease onset and progression following early adversity.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
Type
Postdoctoral Individual National Research Service Award (F32)
Project #
5F32MH107129-03
Application #
9313720
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZRG1)
Program Officer
Sarampote, Christopher S
Project Start
2015-08-07
Project End
2018-08-06
Budget Start
2017-08-07
Budget End
2018-08-06
Support Year
3
Fiscal Year
2017
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Stanford University
Department
Psychology
Type
Schools of Arts and Sciences
DUNS #
009214214
City
Stanford
State
CA
Country
United States
Zip Code
94304
Roth, Marissa C; Humphreys, Kathryn L; King, Lucy S et al. (2018) Self-reported neglect, amygdala volume, and symptoms of anxiety in adolescent boys. Child Abuse Negl 80:80-89
Humphreys, Kathryn L; Schouboe, Sophie N F; Kircanski, Katharina et al. (2018) Irritability, Externalizing, and Internalizing Psychopathology in Adolescence: Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Associations and Moderation by Sex. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol :1-9
Humphreys, Kathryn L; King, Lucy S; Choi, Peter et al. (2018) Maternal depressive symptoms, self-focus, and caregiving behavior. J Affect Disord 238:465-471
Humphreys, Kathryn L; Watts, Emily L; Dennis, Emily L et al. (2018) Stressful Life Events, ADHD Symptoms, and Brain Structure in Early Adolescence. J Abnorm Child Psychol :
Humphreys, Kathryn L; King, Lucy S; Sacchet, Matthew D et al. (2018) Evidence for a Sensitive Period in the Effects of Early Life Stress on Hippocampal Volume. Dev Sci :e12775
Humphreys, Kathryn L; Gabard-Durnam, Laurel; Goff, Bonnie et al. (2018) Friendship and social functioning following early institutional rearing: The role of ADHD symptoms. Dev Psychopathol :1-11
Humphreys, Kathryn L; Nelson, Charles A; Fox, Nathan A et al. (2017) Signs of reactive attachment disorder and disinhibited social engagement disorder at age 12 years: Effects of institutional care history and high-quality foster care. Dev Psychopathol 29:675-684
King, Lucy S; Colich, Natalie L; LeMoult, Joelle et al. (2017) The impact of the severity of early life stress on diurnal cortisol: The role of puberty. Psychoneuroendocrinology 77:68-74
Colich, Natalie L; Williams, Eileen S; Ho, Tiffany C et al. (2017) The association between early life stress and prefrontal cortex activation during implicit emotion regulation is moderated by sex in early adolescence. Dev Psychopathol 29:1851-1864
Davis, E G; Humphreys, K L; McEwen, L M et al. (2017) Accelerated DNA methylation age in adolescent girls: associations with elevated diurnal cortisol and reduced hippocampal volume. Transl Psychiatry 7:e1223

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