OF THE PROJECT: This resubmission of a VA Merit grant renewal continuously funded since 2005 focusing on understanding the basic mechanisms that underlie chronic pain and translating those findings into new therapeutic options for both male and female Veterans. This is important as current therapeutic approaches for treating our Veterans with chronic pain are largely ineffective due to a paucity of understanding of the mechanisms leading to chronic pain. RESEARCH PLAN & METHODOLOGY: This renewal application will build upon the novel findings from the parent grant and also takes advantage of cutting edge discovery approaches to delineate neural pathways and molecular mechanisms leading to stress-induced chronic pain. There is evidence of increased pain reporting in female veterans, thus specific Aim 1 will utilize state of the art approaches to test the hypothesis that sexually dimorphic epigenetic dysregulation in the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) underlies gene expression changes mediating the persistent effects of stress on visceral nociceptive processing.
Under Specific Aim 2 we will take advantage of clinical evidence suggesting that chronic pain in patients can be reduced by psychological therapies such as biofeedback, relaxation training and yoga; however, the mechanisms by which such psychotherapies improve clinical pain are unknown. We will build upon our preliminary data showing the therapeutic potential of environmental enrichment to reverse stress-induced visceral pain by restoring corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), GR and mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) expression in the CeA.
This aim will also investigate whether epigenetic mechanisms in the CeA underlie the effects of EE on chronic stress-induced visceral pain. ANTICIPATED OUTCOMES: In this application, we propose an approach that offers a novel way of thinking about chronic pain by using state of the art epigenetic techniques combined with classical behavioral outcome measures to identify mechanisms that will enhance our basic understanding of chronic pain.
Under Specific Aim 1 we anticipate that there are unique central mechanisms driving female vulnerability for pain. We expect to show that heightened pain following chronic adult stress is modulated through epigenetically mediated mechanisms within the CeA, and that there will be significant differences between males and females.
Under Specific Aim 2 we anticipate reversing the abnormal molecular events occurring within the CeA in response to chronic stress using environmental enrichment and investigate the importance of histone modifications to mediate the effects of environmental enrichment.

Public Health Relevance

TO VETERANS HEALTH: Taken together the work proposed in this VA Merit grant will substantially advance our understanding of the neural and molecular level events responsible for chronic pain and taken together with our previous data provide a unifying central hypothesis for how stress leads to chronic pain. The VA provides specialized health care for veterans with chronic pain, however therapeutic options for pain relief are very limited and fraught with side effects. Scientifically, the results from this project will identify a novel stress-associated brain circuit, along with the specific neurotransmitters, that modulates chronic pain. Identification of the mechanisms and circuitry involved in chronic stress-induced pain could lead to new targets for therapies to treat veterans experiencing chronic pain, which is a significant unmet healthcare burden. Furthermore, since female veterans with anxiety-related disorders have higher rates of pain, our research will compare data from male and female rats in an attempt to identify novel mechanisms that may be unique to female veterans.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
Veterans Affairs (VA)
Type
Non-HHS Research Projects (I01)
Project #
2I01BX002188-05A1
Application #
9662480
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZRD1)
Project Start
2013-04-01
Project End
2023-03-31
Budget Start
2019-04-01
Budget End
2020-03-31
Support Year
5
Fiscal Year
2019
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Oklahoma City VA Medical Center
Department
Type
DUNS #
020719316
City
Oklahoma City
State
OK
Country
United States
Zip Code
73104
Johnson, Anthony C; Latorre, Rocco; Ligon, Casey O et al. (2018) Visceral hypersensitivity induced by optogenetic activation of the amygdala in conscious rats. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 314:G448-G457
Hattay, Priya; Prusator, Dawn K; Johnson, Anthony C et al. (2018) Stereotaxic Exposure of the Central Nucleus of the Amygdala to Corticosterone Increases Colonic Permeability and Reduces Nerve-Mediated Active Ion Transport in Rats. Front Neurosci 12:543
Latorre, R; Sternini, C; De Giorgio, R et al. (2016) Enteroendocrine cells: a review of their role in brain-gut communication. Neurogastroenterol Motil 28:620-30
Tran, L; Schulkin, J; Ligon, C O et al. (2015) Epigenetic modulation of chronic anxiety and pain by histone deacetylation. Mol Psychiatry 20:1219-31
Johnson, Anthony C; Greenwood-Van Meerveld, Beverley (2015) Knockdown of steroid receptors in the central nucleus of the amygdala induces heightened pain behaviors in the rat. Neuropharmacology 93:116-23
Johnson, A C; Tran, L; Greenwood-Van Meerveld, B (2015) Knockdown of corticotropin-releasing factor in the central amygdala reverses persistent viscerosomatic hyperalgesia. Transl Psychiatry 5:e517
Tran, Lee; Schulkin, Jay; Greenwood-Van Meerveld, Beverley (2014) Importance of CRF receptor-mediated mechanisms of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis in the processing of anxiety and pain. Neuropsychopharmacology 39:2633-45
Johnson, Anthony C; Greenwood-Van Meerveld, Beverley (2014) Stress-induced pain: a target for the development of novel therapeutics. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 351:327-35
Tran, L; Chaloner, A; Sawalha, A H et al. (2013) Importance of epigenetic mechanisms in visceral pain induced by chronic water avoidance stress. Psychoneuroendocrinology 38:898-906
Tran, Lee; Wiskur, Brandt; Greenwood-Van Meerveld, Beverley (2012) The role of the anteriolateral bed nucleus of the stria terminalis in stress-induced nociception. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 302:G1301-9

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