The primary goal of these clinical research studies is to define the role of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in the initiation of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC). Conclusive evidence has demonstrated that the major environmental risk factor for developing actinic neoplasia (NMSC and pre-cancerous actinic keratoses) is exposure to the ultraviolet wavelengths. The incidence of NMSC increases dramatically with increasing age, becoming most common in individuals over 60 years old. Ongoing studies by our group and others have discovered the involvement of dermal fibroblasts in the increased actinic neoplasia associated with aging. Fibroblast production of the IGF-1 protein appears to dictate how keratinocytes respond to UVB. If sufficient IGF-1 is present (as in young skin), keratinocytes damaged by UVB to the point where their DNA cannot be fully repaired become senescent. If IGF-1 levels are not adequate (as in aged skin), then these keratinocytes with damaged DNA fail to become senescent and are thus allowed to replicate. This abnormal response to UVB results in the formation of keratino-cytes proliferating with DNA damage. (primarily UVB) found in sunlight. Our hypothesis is that this represents the mechanism responsible for the population of keratinocytes This new paradigm of how UVB induces actinic neoplasia is supported by data presented in this application, and help explains why skin cancers are predominantly found in older individuals. Moreover, this new paradigm also explains results of previous studies indicating that sunscreen/sun protection decreases the numbers of actinic neoplasia. Our ongoing studies demonstrate that dermal wounding with fractionated laser resurfacing or non-ablative laser can reverse the effects of aging by increasing the amounts of fibroblast IGF-1, resulting in a normal UVB response. The three specific aims proposed are designed to provide a direct link between IGF-1R signaling and UVB-mediated production of initiated carcinogenic keratinocytes.
The first aim consists of studies testing the ability of an IGF-1R inhibitor to augment the abilityof chronic UVB treatments to induce initiated keratinocytes and actinic neoplasia using human skin transplanted onto immunodeficient mice.
The second aim will test the relative effectiveness of multiple UVB treatments on localized areas of young versus that eventuate in skin cancers in geriatric patients. geriatric volar forearm skin to create the earliest actinic neoplastic moleculr changes including p53 mutations. Localized injections of IGF-1 will be used to inhibit this process in geriatric subjects.
The third aim will test the ability of fractionated laser resurfacin or non-ablative laser treatments to protect geriatric volar forearm skin against these chronic UVB-mediated actinic neoplastic changes. These studies will not only confirm the critical role that IGF-1R signaling plays in the development of actinic neoplasia, they provide the impetus for novel interventions involving laser-mediated dermal wounding to protect against UVB-mediated keratinocyte initiation. Since actinic neoplasia is the most common skin disorder of veterans, these studies have tremendous significance for veteran's health care.

Public Health Relevance

Non-melanoma skin cancers and pre-cancerous actinic keratoses induced by chronic sun exposure are the most common form of neoplastic disorders found in veterans and constitute an enormous burden of health care resources and increased morbidity. The primary goal of our clinical research studies is to use experimental models of chronic ultraviolet B radiation treated human skin xenografted onto immunodeficient mice and human skin to assess the role of the protein insulin-like growth factor-1 in the increased susceptibility of geriatric skin to ultraviolt B radiation-induced early precancerous changes. In addition, the ability of laser wounding to protect geriatric subjects against ultraviolet B radiation-induced early precancerous changes will be tested.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
Veterans Affairs (VA)
Type
Non-HHS Research Projects (I01)
Project #
5I01CX000809-04
Application #
8967172
Study Section
Oncology A (ONCA)
Project Start
2014-07-01
Project End
2018-06-30
Budget Start
2016-07-01
Budget End
2017-06-30
Support Year
4
Fiscal Year
2016
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Dayton VA Medical Center
Department
Type
DUNS #
074695115
City
Dayton
State
OH
Country
United States
Zip Code
45428
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Poon, Chien; Sunar, Ulas; Rohrbach, Daniel J et al. (2018) Early assessment of burn severity in human tissue ex vivo with multi-wavelength spatial frequency domain imaging. Toxicol In Vitro 52:251-254
Fahy, Katherine; Liu, Langni; Rapp, Christine M et al. (2017) UVB-generated Microvesicle Particles: A Novel Pathway by Which a Skin-specific Stimulus Could Exert Systemic Effects. Photochem Photobiol 93:937-942
Kemp, Michael G; Spandau, Dan F; Simman, Richard et al. (2017) Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 Receptor Signaling Is Required for Optimal ATR-CHK1 Kinase Signaling in Ultraviolet B (UVB)-irradiated Human Keratinocytes. J Biol Chem 292:1231-1239
Kemp, Michael G; Spandau, Dan F; Travers, Jeffrey B (2017) Impact of Age and Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 on DNA Damage Responses in UV-Irradiated Human Skin. Molecules 22:
Krbanjevic, Aleksandar; Travers, Jeffrey B; Spandau, Dan F (2016) How Wounding via Lasers Has Potential Photocarcinogenic Preventative Effects via Dermal Remodeling. Curr Dermatol Rep 5:222-227
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