As many as 80% of Veterans with the hepatitis C virus (HCV) engage in harmful drinking. This is a major health challenge given that even light and moderate alcohol consumption can worsen the course and consequences of HCV and can be a barrier to receiving antiviral therapy. In response, the VA Uniform Mental Health Services Package has made it a priority that HCV and other ambulatory clinics provide evidence-based mental health services to all Veterans engaging in harmful drinking within two week (but preferably the same day as the clinic visit). Our CREATE partners, the VA Office of Mental Health Services, VA Operations (10N), and the VA Office of Public Health, are strongly committed to achieving this standard throughout the Veterans Health Administration (VHA). However, the cost and organizational challenges to meeting this mandate in HCV clinics are enormous, but may be surmountable through the use of self-directed technology that minimizes demands on scarce staff time. The primary objective of this study is to implement and evaluate a web-based brief alcohol intervention (BAI) for treating Veterans with HCV and seeking care at two VA HCV clinics - Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System (VAPAHCS) and San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center (SFVAMC). This study will have three aims:
First (Aim 1), we plan to assess patient, provider, and system factors that may impact the initial adoption of this intervention in two VA HCV clinics. These data will result in the development of a protocol for the initial implementation of the web-based BAI at our two study sites. A secondary aim will involve obtaining patient and provider feedback on an existing web-based BAI (see www.bmi-aft.org, VA Intranet Only) to help inform its redesign for use with this population.
Second (Aim 2), we will implement and examine the effectiveness of a web-based BAI in two HCV clinics to reduce alcohol consumption in Veterans with HCV at three- and six-months post-treatment.
Third (Aim 3), we will conduct a budget impact analysis to estimate the short-term costs (1-3 years) of adoption and diffusion of the web-based BAI and the trajectory of health care spending for study participants. This mixed-methods study will utilize qualitative and quantitative methods to achieve its three primary aims. To address aim 1, qualitative interviews will be used to collect data that will inform the initial implementation and re-versioning of a web-based BAI for use in two HCV clinics located at the Palo Alto and San Francisco. To address aim 2, we will use a randomized, hybrid (type 1) design with patient level clinical outcome data and formative evaluation data collected to examine the effectiveness of the web-based BAI. Hybrid designs also integrate formative evaluation into experimental designs to identify factors that impact the effectiveness of implementation efforts. Formative evaluation (e.g., site visits, clinic observatio, and interviews with staff and patients) will be used to improve the adoption of the web-based BAI at both sites and to provide evidence-based guidance to our CREATE operational partners for nationwide implementation. To address aim 3, we will conduct a budget impact analysis to estimate the short-term costs (1-3 years) of adoption and diffusion of the web-based BAI and the trajectory of health care spending for study participants. We plan to collect several types of utilization data, including outpatient, inpatient, and pharmacy utilization, and calculate total dollars spent for each type of health care utilization for the 6 months before and after treatment using DSS cost data.
Our findings will support our CREATE partners by identifying a low-cost, potentially high impact intervention for reducing alcohol consumption in HCV clinics. This study will also help optimize the implementation and sustained adoption of this intervention by providing the VA Office of Mental Health Services, VA Mental Health Operations (10N), and the VA Office of Public Health with an (a) evidence-based recommendations for optimizing the implementation and adoption of the web-based brief alcohol intervention within this clinic setting, and (b) a budget impact analysis which will provide an estimate of the short-term budget implications of implementing this technology into HCV clinics nationwide. Our partners also find this study valuable because it forges a link between two critical parts of CO (Public Health and Mental Health) and gives mental health a presence in a type of health care where it currently has almost none.
| Frakt, Austin B; Trafton, Jodie; Pizer, Steven D (2015) Maintenance of access as demand for substance use disorder treatment grows. J Subst Abuse Treat 55:58-63 |
