Obesity, and its attendant morbidities affect as many as 25% of the adult and pediatric population of the United States and represent incalculable costs in terms of health care and monies spent on fat diets and other means of weight reduction. Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated that the distribution of fat in central (abdominal) versus peripheral (gluteal) depots is as, or more, important than absolute fatness as an indicator of the risk of adiposity-related morbidities such as diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, myocardial infarction, and cerebrovascular disease. Studies in this laboratory and elsewhere have reported that the individual adult somatotype tends to persist over wide fluctuations in body weight. Studies of regional adipose tissue samples have shown that abdominal fat is significantly more responsive to beta-adrenergic (lipolytic) stimuli while gluteal fat is strikingly more responsive to alpha-adrenergic (anti-lipolytic) stimuli and that these regional differences in adrenoreceptor status are not present in pre-pubertal children. Since the adult body habitus persist over time, it is highly desirable to further delineate those processes which are involved in the ontogeny and maintenance of the individual somatotype. The regional adrenoreceptor status differences noted above would tend to favor a more central or """"""""male"""""""" type adipose tissue distribution. This study proposes to examine abdominal and gluteal subcutaneous adipose tissue samples from children at various pubertal stages and from adults to determine at what point the """"""""adult type"""""""" regional adrenoreceptor status differences become evident and to examine subcellular mechanisms which are likely mediators of these differences. In addition, anthropometric data will be collected on a large population of children and adults exposed to pre- and post-natal states of hypo- and hyper- androgenism to determine whether there is a point at which exposure to androgens results in """"""""imprinting"""""""" on fat depots which affects the adult somatotype.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)
Type
Clinical Investigator Award (CIA) (K08)
Project #
5K08DK001983-02
Application #
3080894
Study Section
Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases B Subcommittee (DDK)
Project Start
1991-05-01
Project End
1996-04-30
Budget Start
1992-05-01
Budget End
1993-04-30
Support Year
2
Fiscal Year
1992
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Rockefeller University
Department
Type
Other Domestic Higher Education
DUNS #
071037113
City
New York
State
NY
Country
United States
Zip Code
10065
Campfield, L Arthur; Smith, Francoise J (2003) Blood glucose dynamics and control of meal initiation: a pattern detection and recognition theory. Physiol Rev 83:25-58
Rosenbaum, M; Pietrobelli, A; Vasselli, J R et al. (2001) Sexual dimorphism in circulating leptin concentrations is not accounted for by differences in adipose tissue distribution. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 25:1365-71
Rosenbaum, M; Hirsch, J; Murphy, E et al. (2000) Effects of changes in body weight on carbohydrate metabolism, catecholamine excretion, and thyroid function. Am J Clin Nutr 71:1421-32
Rosenbaum, M; Leibel, R L (1998) The physiology of body weight regulation: relevance to the etiology of obesity in children. Pediatrics 101:525-39
Rosenbaum, M; Nicolson, M; Hirsch, J et al. (1997) Effects of weight change on plasma leptin concentrations and energy expenditure. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 82:3647-54
Campfield, L A; Smith, F J; Rosenbaum, M et al. (1996) Human eating: evidence for a physiological basis using a modified paradigm. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 20:133-7
Rosenbaum, M; Nicolson, M; Hirsch, J et al. (1996) Effects of gender, body composition, and menopause on plasma concentrations of leptin. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 81:3424-7
Rosenbaum, M; Ravussin, E; Matthews, D E et al. (1996) A comparative study of different means of assessing long-term energy expenditure in humans. Am J Physiol 270:R496-504
Rosenbaum, M; Malbon, C C; Hirsch, J et al. (1993) Lack of beta 3-adrenergic effect on lipolysis in human subcutaneous adipose tissue. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 77:352-5