The goal of this project is to provide an evidence-based approach to guide repeated mass antibiotic treatments in trachoma control. Trachoma remains the leading cause of infectious blindness. The cause of trachoma, ocular Chlamydia infection, is cleared with a single dose of azithromycin. However, given the community pool of Chlamydia, re-infection after treatment is common. Therefore, mass azithromycin treatment has been advocated to reduce the community pool of ocular Chlamydia. An NEI-funded trial is currently underway in Ethiopia to test the efficacy of different treatment strategies for trachoma, using mass antibiotic distributions. Nonetheless, much is still unknown about mass antibiotic distributions for trachoma. Using the data collected during this clinical trial, I will address the following specific aims: 1) To determine the relationship between clinical signs of trachoma and laboratory evidence of Chlamydia infection after antibiotic treatment. 2) To determine community predictors of post-treatment prevalence of ocular Chlamydia. 3) To determine the cost-effectiveness of different treatment strategies for trachoma. My career development plan includes didactics and mentorship. I plan on courses in epidemiology, biostatistics, and health economics at UCSF during the first 2 years of the grant. I will concentrate on data analysis during the remaining 3 years, with excellent mentors at UCSF: Drs. Thomas Lietman, Todd Margolis, George Rutherford, and Dean Jamison. My short term goal is to become an independent researcher in epidemiology and health economics, with a focus on developing countries. My long term goal is have a successful, productive career as an academic ophthalmologist and epidemiologist.

Public Health Relevance

Trachoma research can influence public health programs relatively quickly, through the advocacy of the World Health Organization. The proposed research will help trachoma programs to decide whether or not to continue mass antibiotic treatments, to decide which communities to target for treatment, and to decide how to allocate their limited resources.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Eye Institute (NEI)
Type
Mentored Patient-Oriented Research Career Development Award (K23)
Project #
5K23EY019071-04
Application #
8120530
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZEY1-VSN (05))
Program Officer
Everett, Donald F
Project Start
2008-08-01
Project End
2013-07-31
Budget Start
2011-08-01
Budget End
2012-07-31
Support Year
4
Fiscal Year
2011
Total Cost
$206,712
Indirect Cost
Name
University of California San Francisco
Department
Ophthalmology
Type
Organized Research Units
DUNS #
094878337
City
San Francisco
State
CA
Country
United States
Zip Code
94143
Altan, Eda; Aiemjoy, Kristen; Phan, Tung G et al. (2018) Enteric virome of Ethiopian children participating in a clean water intervention trial. PLoS One 13:e0202054
Lalitha, Prajna; Manoharan, Geetha; Karpagam, Rajaram et al. (2017) Trends in antibiotic resistance in bacterial keratitis isolates from South India. Br J Ophthalmol 101:108-113
Keenan, Jeremy D; Sahlu, Ida; McGee, Lesley et al. (2016) Nasopharyngeal Pneumococcal Serotypes Before and After Mass Azithromycin Distributions for Trachoma. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 5:222-6
Leenasirimakul, Prattana; Liu, Yingna; Jirawison, Choeng et al. (2016) Risk factors for CMV retinitis among individuals with HIV and low CD4 count in northern Thailand: importance of access to healthcare. Br J Ophthalmol 100:1017-21
Keenan, Jeremy D; Klugman, Keith P; McGee, Lesley et al. (2015) Evidence for clonal expansion after antibiotic selection pressure: pneumococcal multilocus sequence types before and after mass azithromycin treatments. J Infect Dis 211:988-94
Lalitha, Prajna; Prajna, Namperumalsamy V; Manoharan, Geetha et al. (2015) Trends in bacterial and fungal keratitis in South India, 2002-2012. Br J Ophthalmol 99:192-4
Gebresillasie, Sintayehu; Tadesse, Zerihun; Shiferaw, Ayalew et al. (2015) Inter-Rater Agreement between Trachoma Graders: Comparison of Grades Given in Field Conditions versus Grades from Photographic Review. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 22:162-9
Yen, Michael; Chen, Jenny; Ausayakhun, Somsanguan et al. (2015) Retinal detachment associated with AIDS-related cytomegalovirus retinitis: risk factors in a resource-limited setting. Am J Ophthalmol 159:185-92
Jirawison, Choeng; Yen, Michael; Leenasirimakul, Prattana et al. (2015) Telemedicine screening for cytomegalovirus retinitis at the point of care for human immunodeficiency virus infection. JAMA Ophthalmol 133:198-205
Yen, Michael; Ausayakhun, Somsanguan; Chen, Jenny et al. (2014) Telemedicine diagnosis of cytomegalovirus retinitis by nonophthalmologists. JAMA Ophthalmol 132:1052-8

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