Despite significant gains achieved by public education campaigns in past decades, many people still underestimate the risks of tobacco use. The situation is compounded by aggressive marketing of new and alternative tobacco products, such as snus, dissolvables, and electronic cigarettes. A timely public health response comprising more nuanced communication about health effects of tobacco products and regulation of new tobacco products is needed. Although new tobacco products have been marketed in the US since 2006, research examining effective counter-messages has been virtually nonexistent. The proposed project will determine effective ways to communicate harm of tobacco products by pursuing three Specific Aims: (1) Identify key features (e.g., naming specific diseases, depicting affected body parts, or listing harmful chemicals) of informational and emotional anti-tobacco messages. (2) Compare the effects of informational messages and those that combine information with emotional appeals on perceptions of harm of tobacco products, intentions to use tobacco products, and attitudes towards regulation of these products. (3) Determine how communication about cigarettes vs. novel tobacco products distinctly impacts message processing and responses to anti-tobacco messages among different subpopulations - current smokers, former smokers, and non-smokers. Work on Aim 1 will happen during the K99 phase and the key features of emotional and informational messages determined during this stage will inform development of anti-tobacco messages for testing in Aim 2 (R00 phase). During the R00 phase, I will run a series of four studies to test hypotheses of Aim 2 with different message topics (such as addiction, harmful constituents of tobacco products, or second-hand smoke), with various tobacco products (cigarettes and novel tobacco products), and in different populations (current and former smokers and non-smokers). The data from these studies will be pooled to accomplish Aim 3 through integrative data analysis, which will also occur in the R00 stage. In evaluating effects of anti-tobacco messages this project will go beyond the image/text dichotomy that dominated past research on cigarette warning labels. The proposed studies will be guided by the new conceptual model of processing and outcomes of anti-tobacco messages and will examine both desirable responses to the message and undesirable responses, such as message avoidance or reactance, another area of research on anti-tobacco messages that has received only limited empirical attention. This proposal will enable me to expand my training in tobacco control, regulatory science, advanced statistical methods, and behavioral interventions under the mentorship of a multidisciplinary team of experts in tobacco control, and provide critical preliminary data for me to launch my independent research career. This research is directly relevant to the development of new effective tools to counteract the increased promotion of novel tobacco products and will inform the FDA's policymaking and educational efforts on new and established tobacco products, including graphic warning labels.

Public Health Relevance

Tobacco remains the leading cause of preventable deaths, yet many people still underestimate the risks of tobacco products. This project will address significant gaps in our understanding of how to effectively communicate harm of cigarettes and novel tobacco products. It will also provide timely scientific evidence to inform regulatory decision-making in the areas of graphic warning labels and novel tobacco products.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Type
Career Transition Award (K99)
Project #
1K99CA187460-01
Application #
8754747
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZRG1-BST-N (50))
Program Officer
Korczak, Jeannette F
Project Start
2014-09-12
Project End
2016-08-31
Budget Start
2014-09-12
Budget End
2015-08-31
Support Year
1
Fiscal Year
2014
Total Cost
$108,907
Indirect Cost
$8,060
Name
University of California San Francisco
Department
Internal Medicine/Medicine
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
094878337
City
San Francisco
State
CA
Country
United States
Zip Code
94143
Holmes, Louisa M; Popova, Lucy; Ling, Pamela M (2016) State of transition: Marijuana use among young adults in the San Francisco Bay Area. Prev Med 90:11-6
Popova, Lucy; Halpern-Felsher, Bonnie L (2016) A Longitudinal Study of Adolescents' Optimistic Bias about Risks and Benefits of Cigarette Smoking. Am J Health Behav 40:341-51
Popova, Lucy (2016) Can We Resolve the Disconnect Between How Communication Interventions Work and How We Evaluate Them? Health Educ Behav 43:121-4
McDonald, Emily Anne; Popova, Lucy; Ling, Pamela M (2016) Traversing the triangulum: the intersection of tobacco, legalised marijuana and electronic vaporisers in Denver, Colorado. Tob Control 25:i96-i102
Brown-Johnson, Cati G; Popova, Lucy (2016) Exploring Smoking Stigma, Alternative Tobacco Product Use, & Quit Attempts. Health Behav Policy Rev 3:13-20
Popova, Lucy (2016) Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Warning Labels: Lessons Learned From the Tobacco Industry. J Calif Dent Assoc 44:633-640
Popova, Lucy; Linde, Brittany D; Bursac, Zoran et al. (2016) Testing antismoking messages for Air Force trainees. Tob Control 25:656-663
Ramo, Danielle E; Popova, Lucy; Grana, Rachel et al. (2015) Cannabis Mobile Apps: A Content Analysis. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 3:e81