The Vaccine and Treatment Evaluation Units (VTEUs) address programmatic priorities in vaccine development with a focus on Phase 1 and 2 clinical trials of candidate vaccines in general populations, including infants and children, adolescents, adults and the elderly. This could include challenge studies for respiratory and enteric pathogens, the evaluation of vaccines in pregnant women and the use of human specimens collected from clinical studies to characterize host responses to vaccinations and vaccine interactions.