The proposed research program is an extension of our long-term interest in the influence of physiological and experiential factors that impinge upon the developing organism and the consequences of these manipulations on the animal's later ability to interact with its environment. The activity of the pituitary-adrenal system continues to be a major dependent variable in many of our studies. We are proposing a set of experiments which will continue our examination of the influence of perinatal malnutrition on behavioral and physiological development in rodents. The dependent variables proposed in these studies will investigate the ability of the previously malnourished rat to respond to varying degrees of low-level stimulation and food-related tasks. In addition, a series of experiments are proposed which will investigate the psychobiology of attachment. In particular we are concerned with (a) the behavioral and physiological effects of prolonged separation in squirrel monkey mother and infants; (b) whether maternal behavior from another adult conspecific (""""""""aunt"""""""") can assume some of the functions of the attachment figure (mother); and (c) whether the response to separation can be altered if the mother and/or infant are provided with predictability or control during repeated separations. The specificity of the behavioral and physiological responses to maternal figures will also be studied in the rhesus macaque. Other studies using rhesus macaques will investigate the response to different separation procedures and the effects of separation as a function of developmental changes in mother-infant relationships. We also propose to evaluate the pituitary-adrenal response of adult and juvenile conspecifics to stimuli produced by a separated infant and the development of fear of strangers in infant squirrel monkeys. Finally, we propose to establish a laboratory model of adolescence by examining behavioral and gonadal hormone changes that occur during puberty in the squirrel monkey.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development (NICHD)
Type
Research Program Projects (P01)
Project #
5P01HD002881-22
Application #
3096491
Study Section
Maternal and Child Health Research Committee (HDMC)
Project Start
1977-09-01
Project End
1990-11-30
Budget Start
1988-12-01
Budget End
1989-11-30
Support Year
22
Fiscal Year
1989
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Stanford University
Department
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
800771545
City
Stanford
State
CA
Country
United States
Zip Code
94305
Champoux, M; Hwang, L; Lang, O et al. (2001) Feeding demand conditions and plasma cortisol in socially-housed squirrel monkey mother-infant dyads. Psychoneuroendocrinology 26:461-77
Levine, S (2001) Primary social relationships influence the development of the hypothalamic--pituitary--adrenal axis in the rat. Physiol Behav 73:255-60
Cirulli, F; Shooter, E M; Levine, S (1997) Developmental expression of the NGF receptor p140trk in the septohippocampal system of the rat: a quantitative analysis. Int J Dev Neurosci 15:901-9
Levine, S; Berkenbosch, F; Suchecki, D et al. (1994) Pituitary-adrenal and interleukin-6 responses to recombinant interleukin-1 in neonatal rats. Psychoneuroendocrinology 19:143-53
Levine, S (1994) The ontogeny of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. The influence of maternal factors. Ann N Y Acad Sci 746:275-88;discussion 289-93
Champoux, M; Zanker, D; Levine, S (1993) Food search demand effort effects on behavior and cortisol in adult female squirrel monkeys. Physiol Behav 54:1091-7
Suchecki, D; Rosenfeld, P; Levine, S (1993) Maternal regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in the infant rat: the roles of feeding and stroking. Brain Res Dev Brain Res 75:185-92
Levine, S; Wiener, S G; Coe, C L (1993) Temporal and social factors influencing behavioral and hormonal responses to separation in mother and infant squirrel monkeys. Psychoneuroendocrinology 18:297-306
Suchecki, D; Mozaffarian, D; Gross, G et al. (1993) Effects of maternal deprivation on the ACTH stress response in the infant rat. Neuroendocrinology 57:204-12
Levine, S; Atha, K; Wiener, S G (1993) Early experience effects on the development of fear in the squirrel monkey. Behav Neural Biol 60:225-33

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