Islet beta-cell failure is central to the development of type 2 diabetes and is contributed to by both hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia. The protein neprilysin, a component ofthe renin-angiotensin system (RAS), has been shown in non-islet tissues to be upregulated with the chronically elevated glucose and fat levels seen in type 2 diabetes. While the function of neprilysin in islets has not been investigated, we have data that show it is synthesized and active in islets and may play a role in the modulation of beta-cell function in response to islet stressors. Thus, the overall aim of this proposal is to elucidate the role of neprilysin under conditions associated with impaired beta-cell function, namely increased fat and glucose. We hypothesize that in states of chronically elevated fat and glucose, neprilysin activity is upregulated thereby promoting beta-cell dysfunction. During the K99 phase of this award, studies were conducted to determine the contribution of neprilysin to impaired insulin secretion induced by chronically elevated fat. Our findings demonstrate that neprilysin is indeed upregulated under conditions of chronically elevated fat and this is associated with reduced glucosestimulated insulin secretion in vitro. Moreover, neprilysin deficient (NEP-KO) mice fed a high fat diet are protected from high fat diet-induced reductions in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in vivo. During the ROO phase of this award, the following studies will be performed to determine: 1) The role of neprilysin in the impairment Of insulin secretion induced by chronically elevated glucose. Our preliminary data suggest that neprilysin may also be upregulated under high glucose conditions and thereby may mediate the induction of oxidative stress. Firstly, NEP-KO mice will receive a 48-hour glucose infusion to induce hyperglycemia, then insulin secretion wil! be measured in vivo. Secondly, isolated islets from NEPKO mice will be cultured in high glucose and insulin secretion will be examined in vitro. 2) The role ofthe RAS in mediating neprilysin's effects under chronically elevated fat and glucose conditions. Since neprilysin is a component of the RAS, isolated islets will be used to determine whether neprilysin's activity in this pathway is responsible for impaired beta-cell function.

Public Health Relevance

Type 2 diabetes results from an inability of pancreatic beta cells to secrete enough insulin in response to elevated blood glucose levels. The proposed studies seek to determine whether under conditions associated with type 2 diabetes, inhibition of the protein neprilysin, may improve beta cell function. Our findings may have significant implications for the development of therapeutics to reduce/prevent type 2 diabetes.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)
Type
Research Transition Award (R00)
Project #
5R00DK080945-05
Application #
8423347
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (NSS)
Program Officer
Appel, Michael C
Project Start
2011-04-01
Project End
2015-01-31
Budget Start
2013-02-01
Budget End
2015-01-31
Support Year
5
Fiscal Year
2013
Total Cost
$238,555
Indirect Cost
$49,226
Name
University of Washington
Department
Internal Medicine/Medicine
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
605799469
City
Seattle
State
WA
Country
United States
Zip Code
98195
Parilla, Jacqueline H; Hull, Rebecca L; Zraika, Sakeneh (2018) Neprilysin Deficiency Is Associated With Expansion of Islet ?-Cell Mass in High Fat-Fed Mice. J Histochem Cytochem 66:523-530
Willard, Joshua R; Barrow, Breanne M; Zraika, Sakeneh (2017) Improved glycaemia in high-fat-fed neprilysin-deficient mice is associated with reduced DPP-4 activity and increased active GLP-1 levels. Diabetologia 60:701-708
Hull, Rebecca L; Willard, Joshua R; Struck, Matthias D et al. (2017) High fat feeding unmasks variable insulin responses in male C57BL/6 mouse substrains. J Endocrinol 233:53-64
Brar, Gurkirat S; Barrow, Breanne M; Watson, Matthew et al. (2017) Neprilysin Is Required for Angiotensin-(1-7)'s Ability to Enhance Insulin Secretion via Its Proteolytic Activity to Generate Angiotensin-(1-2). Diabetes 66:2201-2212
Meier, Daniel T; Entrup, Leon; Templin, Andrew T et al. (2016) The S20G substitution in hIAPP is more amyloidogenic and cytotoxic than wild-type hIAPP in mouse islets. Diabetologia 59:2166-71
Meier, Daniel T; Tu, Ling-Hsien; Zraika, Sakeneh et al. (2015) Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Protects Islets from Amyloid-induced Toxicity. J Biol Chem 290:30475-85
Meier, Daniel T; Entrup, Leon; Templin, Andrew T et al. (2015) Determination of Optimal Sample Size for Quantification of ?-Cell Area, Amyloid Area and ?-Cell Apoptosis in Isolated Islets. J Histochem Cytochem 63:663-73
Meier, Daniel T; Morcos, Mary; Samarasekera, Thanya et al. (2014) Islet amyloid formation is an important determinant for inducing islet inflammation in high-fat-fed human IAPP transgenic mice. Diabetologia 57:1884-8
Aston-Mourney, Kathryn; Zraika, Sakeneh; Udayasankar, Jayalakshmi et al. (2013) Matrix metalloproteinase-9 reduces islet amyloid formation by degrading islet amyloid polypeptide. J Biol Chem 288:3553-9
Zraika, Sakeneh; Koh, Duk-Su; Barrow, Breanne M et al. (2013) Neprilysin deficiency protects against fat-induced insulin secretory dysfunction by maintaining calcium influx. Diabetes 62:1593-601

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