My immediate goal is to acquire the necessary skills and expertise to make a successful transition to independence in the academic field of basic cardiovascular research. The long term goals of this work are to advance our knowledge on the molecular mechanisms that control glucose and fatty acid utilization in the heart. Premature death and disability from cardiovascular diseases are dire complications in diabetes. Diabetes is associated with high circulating levels of glucose and fatty acids, which are both energy providing substrates for the heart. Like other insulin-responsive tissues in the organism, the heart in diabetes becomes insulin resistant. Because impaired glucose uptake in response to insulin is the main feature of myocardial insulin resistance (MIR), I propose that MIR is part of an adaptive program with which the heart protects itself from the hyperglycemic milieu of diabetes mellitus. The rationale arises from the observation that increased glucose supply to the heart results in rates of glucose uptake greater than rates of glucose oxidation, the intracellular accumulation of glucose intermediates and, subsequently, contractile dysfunction.
Specific Aim 1 will determine the effects of hyperglycemia on cardiac gene expression.
This aim will test the hypothesis that the intracellular accumulation of glucose metabolites in the heart reactivates the fetal gene program, which can be prevented by the impairment of insulin-mediated glucose uptake.
Specific Aim 2 will define the effect of MIR on energy metabolism and contractile function of the heart subjected to chronic pressure overload. Specifically, it will test the hypothesis that MIR increases glucose oxidation while limiting glucose uptake, and delays the transition toward failure of the stressed heart.
Specific Aim 3 will seek to identify the molecular mechanism controlling substrate selection in the stressed heart. It will test the hypothesis that the uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) decreases efficiency of the heart subjected to a high workload by inhibiting glucose oxidation.
These aims will be addressed by combining my experience in molecular biology to the techniques available in the mentor?s laboratory, and will set the path to future investigations aiming to define the links between insulin signaling and the expression of UCP3 in the heart. Collectively, the proposed work seeks to demonstrate that MIR is more a physiological response for the stressed heart in diabetes, rather than a primary cause for heart failure.
The mammalian heart uses fat and glucose as fuels for its pump action. Normal contraction of the heart is thus ensured by efficient conversion of chemical to mechanical energy. However, too much fuel can also poison the heart. This is what happens with diabetes: excess fuel supply impairs the pumping action of the heart, and eventually the pump fails. Insulin resistance is the condition in which normal amounts of insulin are inadequate to produce a normal response from target tissues. In the heart, insulin resistance results in a reduction of glucose uptake, and may thus represent an effective way to protect the heart from fuel poisoning. I will investigate whether insulin resistance preserves the pumping function of the heart in stress conditions commonly associated with diabetes. The idea will change our perception of insulin resistance in the heart as a maladaptive process to a natural mechanism of desensitization in response to fuel oversupply.
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