Prenatal alcohol exposure is known to cause brain damage. Persons with brain damage resulting from drinking during pregnancy have developmental disabilities and related lifetime problems in school, employment, and independent functioning. Alcohol counseling offered as part of prenatal care has been shown to decrease drinking among pregnant women and the adverse consequences to their babies. Few prenatal care clinics are prepared to offer specialized alcohol treatment. An alternative strategy is to improve the efficacy of minimal counseling and referrals offered within obstetric care settings. In two decades of clinical trials, brief interventions have been shown to reduce drinking, improve health, and increase the rate of successful referrals to alcohol treatment. Motivational Interviewing has been shown in a pilot study to reduce drinking among high-risk pregnant women. The proposed project aims to replicate these findings with a larger sample to develop motivational strategies that can be implemented during early prenatal care in primary health care settings to decrease maternal and fetal risks due to drinking. A brief counseling approach will be tested in a randomized clinical trial. A sample of 300 at-risk drinkers receiving prenatal care will be assigned to one of three conditions prior to their referral for alcohol treatment: (1) Motivational Enhancement Therapy (MET); (2) a comparison group who will also receive MET, but 6 weeks later; or (3) Treatment- As-Usual, screening and advice to abstain. Maternal outcomes to be assessed include drinking and other drug use during subsequent pregnancy and postpartum, risk perception and motivation for change, alcohol treatment adherence, and psychological status. Infant psychomotor, physical, and cognitive development will also be assessed at 6 and 14 months. It is predicted that motivational counseling as a prelude to alcohol treatment, will significantly increase adherence to alcohol change programs and suppress maternal drinking. Project data will also be used to develop predictors of alcohol-related effects among infants, and of maternal response to intervention. Finally, the larger screened sample of 6,000 pregnancies will provide valuable epidemiological data on alcohol use and its relationship to pregnancy health complications.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01AA012491-02
Application #
6168526
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZAA1-BB (03))
Project Start
1999-09-27
Project End
2004-06-30
Budget Start
2000-07-01
Budget End
2001-06-30
Support Year
2
Fiscal Year
2000
Total Cost
$359,229
Indirect Cost
Name
University of New Mexico
Department
Psychology
Type
Schools of Arts and Sciences
DUNS #
829868723
City
Albuquerque
State
NM
Country
United States
Zip Code
87131
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Rayburn, William F (2007) Adverse reproductive effects of beer drinking. Reprod Toxicol 24:126-30
Haley, David W; Handmaker, Nancy S; Lowe, Jean (2006) Infant stress reactivity and prenatal alcohol exposure. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 30:2055-64
Handmaker, Nancy S; Rayburn, William F; Meng, Chen et al. (2006) Impact of alcohol exposure after pregnancy recognition on ultrasonographic fetal growth measures. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 30:892-8