In this study, we use symbolic interaction theory, a broad sample including men and women representing a full range of social backgrounds, and a longitudinal design to provide both a frame of reference and a data set for a better understanding of the transition into retirement and to link adjustment to retirement to the broader processes of later life socialization. The proposed data set will enable us to explore four sets of important theoretical and substantive issues: (1) the contrasting predictions of identity continuity, identity crisis, and role realignment theories on the effects of retirement; (2) the activity and social support theory hypotheses that social interaction may reduce some of the potential disruptive effects of retirement; (3) the long neglected questions of whether older females are less satisfied than men in their retirement; and (4) Atchley's (1976) suggestion that there may be temporal variations in adjustment to retirement. A sample of 800 metropolitan Atlanta men and women between the ages of 58 and 64 enable a longitudinal analysis of the influences of pre-retirement social background characteristics, attitudes, and behaviors on post-retirement mental health and involvements. In addition, we propose to interview respondents in the first month of their retirement and then again 6 months, 12 months, and 24 months after retirement in order to better understand the process by which individuals adjust over time to retirement. The data set is special, in that it focuses on multiple roles (not just the work role), contains a rich and diverse set of self variables (role/identity, social commitment, psychological commitment, salience, self-esteem) and role involvements (attention, energy, time, and subjective time), subjective meanings (health, retirement, income adequacy, and judgments about work), as well as a comprehensive set of social network, activity, and social background measures. LISREL will be used to develop structural equations and empirically test the hypotheses and for the effects of a wide range of statistical interactions. The study will provide a clearer picture of the social psychological processes and consequences of retirement which is valuable not only to social research and theory but can be directly applied to counseling programs to help retired and older people maintain productive and meaningful lives.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute on Aging (NIA)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01AG007410-02
Application #
3118480
Study Section
Human Development and Aging Subcommittee 3 (HUD)
Project Start
1991-09-01
Project End
1996-08-31
Budget Start
1992-09-01
Budget End
1993-08-31
Support Year
2
Fiscal Year
1992
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Georgia State University
Department
Type
Schools of Arts and Sciences
DUNS #
837322494
City
Atlanta
State
GA
Country
United States
Zip Code
30302
Reitzes, Donald C; Mutran, Elizabeth J (2004) The transition to retirement: stages and factors that influence retirement adjustment. Int J Aging Hum Dev 59:63-84
Reitzes, Donald C; Mutran, Elizabeth J (2004) Grandparenthood: factors influencing frequency of grandparent-grandchildren contact and grandparent role satisfaction. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 59:S9-16
Siebert, D C; Mutran, E J; Reitzes, D C (1999) Friendship and social support: the importance of role identity to aging adults. Soc Work 44:522-33
Fernandez, M E; Mutran, E J; Reitzes, D C et al. (1998) Ethnicity, gender, and depressive symptoms in older workers. Gerontologist 38:71-9
Mutran, E J; Reitzes, D J; Bratton, K A et al. (1997) Self-esteem and subjective responses to work among mature workers: similarities and differences by gender. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 52:S89-96
Reitzes, D C; Mutran, E J; Fernandez, M E (1996) Preretirement influences on postretirement self-esteem. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 51:S242-9
Reitzes, D C; Mutran, E J; Fernandez, M E (1996) Does retirement hurt well-being? Factors influencing self-esteem and depression among retirees and workers. Gerontologist 36:649-56