(Verbatim from application) African American women are more obese and insulin resistant than Caucasian women. This research is designed to determine whether overweight African American women respond differently to hypocaloric weight loss (WL) or aerobic exercise plus weight loss (AEX+WL) than do Caucasian women. The hypothesis is that ethnic differences (African American vs. Caucasian) in the mechanisms by which WL affects insulin sensitivity in overweight, insulin resistant African American postmenopausal women requires that the WL be accompanied by AEX in African American women to improve insulin sensitivity.
Specific aims determine 1) the race effects of WL vs. AEX+WL on insulin action on glucose and fat metabolism in African American compared to Caucasian women by assessing insulin sensitivity (EC50), and FFA suppression during hyperinsulinemia; and 2) the cellular mechanisms by which the addition of AEX to WL affects insulin sensitivity in African American compared to Caucasian women by ascertaining the effects of WL vs. AEX+WL on proteins affecting insulin action (GLUT4, IRS 1 and Pl-3 kinase) in skeletal muscle, and insulin suppression of lipolysis in adipocytes. We will study healthy, overweight (Body Mass Index, 27-35 kg/rn2) 50-60 year old postmenopausal African American and Caucasian women. Metabolic studies will be performed before and after either hypocaloric weight loss treatment (n=30 per race) or aerobic exercise training plus weight loss (n=30 per race). Insulin sensitivity and free fatty acid concentrations will be determined during a 3-step hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. We will measure total body fat (DXA scans), visceral fat and mid-thigh low density lean tissue (CT scans), glucose and insulin responses during an oral glucose tolerance test, skeletal muscle GLUT4, IRS 1, Pl 3-kinase, and insulin suppression of lipolysis in adipocytes. These findings may provide a rationale for targeting specific populations of women who might improve glucose and fat metabolism more from the addition of exercise to hypocaloric weight loss than weight loss alone.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute on Aging (NIA)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
1R01AG019310-01
Application #
6321414
Study Section
Geriatrics and Rehabilitation Medicine (GRM)
Program Officer
Sherman, Sherry
Project Start
2001-09-30
Project End
2006-08-31
Budget Start
2001-09-30
Budget End
2002-08-31
Support Year
1
Fiscal Year
2001
Total Cost
$308,250
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Maryland Baltimore
Department
Internal Medicine/Medicine
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
003255213
City
Baltimore
State
MD
Country
United States
Zip Code
21201
Ryan, Alice S; Serra, Monica C; Goldberg, Andrew P (2018) Metabolic Benefits of Prior Weight Loss with and without Exercise on Subsequent 6-Month Weight Regain. Obesity (Silver Spring) 26:37-44
Serra, Monica C; Blumenthal, Jacob B; Addison, Odessa R et al. (2017) Effects of Weight Loss with and without Exercise on Regional Body Fat Distribution in Postmenopausal Women. Ann Nutr Metab 70:312-320
Ortmeyer, Heidi K; Goldberg, Andrew P; Ryan, Alice S (2017) Exercise with weight loss improves adipose tissue and skeletal muscle markers of fatty acid metabolism in postmenopausal women. Obesity (Silver Spring) 25:1246-1253
Serra, M C; Ryan, A S; Goldberg, A P (2017) Reduced LPL and subcutaneous lipid storage capacity are associated with metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal women with obesity. Obes Sci Pract 3:106-114
Ryan, Alice S; Serra, Monica C (2016) Skeletal Muscle CAP Expression Increases after Dietary Restriction and Aerobic Training in Women with a History of Gestational Diabetes. J Gerontol Geriatr Res 5:
Serra, M C; Ryan, A S (2016) Influence of Vitamin D and Parathyroid Hormone on Bone and Metabolic Risk in Women with Previous Gestational Diabetes. Horm Metab Res 48:497-502
Griffith, Kathleen A; Chung, Seon-Yoon; Zhu, Shijun et al. (2016) Insulin Resistance and Inflammation in Black Women with and without Breast Cancer: Cause for Concern. Ethn Dis 26:513-520
Ryan, Alice S (2016) Improvements in insulin sensitivity after aerobic exercise and weight loss in older women with a history of gestational diabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Endocr Res 41:132-41
Prior, Steven J; Ryan, Alice S; Blumenthal, Jacob B et al. (2016) Sarcopenia Is Associated With Lower Skeletal Muscle Capillarization and Exercise Capacity in Older Adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 71:1096-101
Serra, Monica C; Goldberg, Andrew P; Ryan, Alice S (2016) Increased depression and metabolic risk in postmenopausal breast cancer survivors. Diabetol Metab Syndr 8:44

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