The engagement hypothesis suggests that age-related declines in cognition may to some extent be mitigated by a lifestyle marked by social and intellectual engagement. According to this view, contexts that require choice and decision-making in the face of ill-defined problems promote mental flexibility. Assuming that the environment provides rewards for effective solutions and creates opportunities for self-directed activity, complex environments continue to promote the allocation of resources toward intellectual activity, thereby expanding the repertoire of intellectual skills available to solve new problems, and to augment cognition and well-being in a variety of ways. Evidence for this idea, however, is primarily based on correlational data, which is subject to other interpretations, making it unclear whether engagement enhances cognitive function - or whether more intellectually capable individuals are prone to engagement. Training studies (e.g., the ACTIVE trials, Ball et al., 2002), in which cognitive and intellectual abilities are selectively trained, have been found to produce little or no transfer to other abilities;furthermore, studies of expertise (e.g., Morrow et al., 1994) show very narrow effects of experience. The current project is a translational research program, which attempts to bridge these two literatures by experimentally manipulating the substantive complexity of lifestyle for a six-month period. Participants will be randomly assigned to a program of engagement in which subjects participate in collaborative problem solving and literacy activities (our operationalization of a substantively complex environment), to a crossword puzzle / brainteaser control, or to a wait-list control. The engagement experience is modeled on an existing program, Odyssey of the Mind, developed for children and young adults (through college-aged);this existing social structure offers potential for scaling up so as to afford opportunities for intellectual and social stimulation for elders. A pretest and posttest battery of cognitive (e.g., speed, executive functions, fluency), dispositional measures indicating, self-regulatory effectiveness (e.g., mindfulness, self-efficacy), and activity (e.g., Hultsch Activity Scale, Day Reconstruction Method) will allow us to test the hypothesis that this form of engagement can augment cognitive function and self-regulatory capacity, in a context which may find ready translation into practice.
| Payne, Brennan R; Gross, Alden L; Hill, Patrick L et al. (2017) Decomposing the relationship between cognitive functioning and self-referent memory beliefs in older adulthood: what's memory got to do with it? Neuropsychol Dev Cogn B Aging Neuropsychol Cogn 24:345-362 |
| Stine-Morrow, Elizabeth A L; Payne, Brennan R (2016) Age Differences in Language Segmentation. Exp Aging Res 42:83-96 |
| Payne, Brennan R; Stine-Morrow, Elizabeth A L (2016) Risk for Mild Cognitive Impairment Is Associated With Semantic Integration Deficits in Sentence Processing and Memory. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 71:243-53 |
| Hill, Patrick L; Payne, Brennan R; Jackson, Joshua J et al. (2014) Perceived social support predicts increased conscientiousness during older adulthood. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 69:543-7 |
| Stine-Morrow, Elizabeth A L; Payne, Brennan R; Roberts, Brent W et al. (2014) Training versus engagement as paths to cognitive enrichment with aging. Psychol Aging 29:891-906 |
| Payne, Brennan R; Jackson, Joshua J; Hill, Patrick L et al. (2012) Memory self-efficacy predicts responsiveness to inductive reasoning training in older adults. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 67:27-35 |
| Payne, Brennan R; Gao, Xuefei; Noh, Soo Rim et al. (2012) The effects of print exposure on sentence processing and memory in older adults: Evidence for efficiency and reserve. Neuropsychol Dev Cogn B Aging Neuropsychol Cogn 19:122-49 |
| Jackson, Joshua J; Hill, Patrick L; Payne, Brennan R et al. (2012) Can an old dog learn (and want to experience) new tricks? Cognitive training increases openness to experience in older adults. Psychol Aging 27:286-92 |
| Payne, Brennan R; Jackson, Joshua J; Noh, Soo Rim et al. (2011) In the zone: flow state and cognition in older adults. Psychol Aging 26:738-43 |
| Parisi, Jeanine M (2010) Engagement in Adulthood: Perceptions and Participation in Daily Activities. Act Adapt Aging 34:1-16 |
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