The discovery that rapamycin extends the life span of diverse organisms has triggered a flurry of studies aimed at identifying the underlying molecular mechanisms and potential ways to prevent aging and age-related diseases. It has been suggested that the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) controls growth and aging by regulating mRNA translation. However, how a decrease in protein synthesis can extend lifespan remains an unresolved issue. Protein homeostasis refers to a proper balance between synthesis, maturation, and degradation of cellular proteins. Despite the crucial role of protein homeostasis in growth and aging, the mechanistic connection between nutrient signaling and protein homeostasis is poorly understood. In addition, little is known about aging-associated proteome changes due in large part to technical limitations. The goal of this project is to establish the functional connection between nutrient signaling and protein homeostasis at the level of translation, and to determine aging-associated alternative translation. The rationale for this proposal grew out of the preliminary results that nutrient signaling not only controls protein quantity, but also negatively regulates the quality of translational products. Using high resolutio ribosome profiling technique, we uncovered a prevailing alternative translation controlled by nutrient signaling. These findings led to the central hypothesis that nutrient signaling coordinates with protein homeostasis in controlling the aging process. The following specific aims are proposed to test this hypothesis: 1) Dissect the molecular linkage between nutrient signaling and protein homeostasis by focusing on translational aspects of different mTORC1 down- stream targets. 2) Define the role of nutrient signaling in co-translational events of nascent chains, including co-translational folding, degradation, and chaperone interaction. 3) Determine translational re-programming in mammalian aging, in particular the nutrient signaling-controlled selective translation and alternative translation initiation. Our newly-developed global translation initiation sequencing technique (GTI-Seq) will serve as an excellent tool to investigate the genome-wide translational re-programming in response to nutrient signaling and aging. This proposal integrates innovative approaches into fundamental studies of translational control. Successful completion of the proposed studies will transform our knowledge about the biology of aging. A comprehensive understanding of aging-associated proteome changes will ultimately lead to new therapeutic strategies for combating aging and age-related pathologies.
Aging is a major risk factor for several common diseases including cancers, cardiovascular, metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases, which pose a daunting challenge to public health. This proposal aims to elucidate the mechanistic connection between protein homeostasis and nutrient signaling pathway, as well as its implication in growth and aging. A mechanistic understanding of protein synthesis regulation will facilitate the development of new therapeutic strategies for combating aging and age-related diseases.
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| Mazor, Kevin M; Dong, Leiming; Mao, Yuanhui et al. (2018) Effects of single amino acid deficiency on mRNA translation are markedly different for methionine versus leucine. Sci Rep 8:8076 |
| Coots, Ryan A; Liu, Xiao-Min; Mao, Yuanhui et al. (2017) m6A Facilitates eIF4F-Independent mRNA Translation. Mol Cell 68:504-514.e7 |
| Li, Xiaoyu; Xiong, Xushen; Zhang, Meiling et al. (2017) Base-Resolution Mapping Reveals Distinct m1A Methylome in Nuclear- and Mitochondrial-Encoded Transcripts. Mol Cell 68:993-1005.e9 |
| Gao, Xiangwei; Wan, Ji; Qian, Shu-Bing (2016) Genome-Wide Profiling of Alternative Translation Initiation Sites. Methods Mol Biol 1358:303-16 |
| Liu, Botao; Qian, Shu-Bing (2016) Characterizing inactive ribosomes in translational profiling. Translation (Austin) 4:e1138018 |
| Saikia, Mridusmita; Wang, Xiaoyun; Mao, Yuanhui et al. (2016) Codon optimality controls differential mRNA translation during amino acid starvation. RNA 22:1719-1727 |
| Zhang, Xingqian; Gao, Xiangwei; Coots, Ryan Alex et al. (2015) Translational control of the cytosolic stress response by mitochondrial ribosomal protein L18. Nat Struct Mol Biol 22:404-10 |
| Gao, Xiangwei; Wan, Ji; Liu, Botao et al. (2015) Quantitative profiling of initiating ribosomes in vivo. Nat Methods 12:147-53 |
| Meyer, Kate D; Patil, Deepak P; Zhou, Jun et al. (2015) 5' UTR m(6)A Promotes Cap-Independent Translation. Cell 163:999-1010 |
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