Infections caused by gram-negative bacteria are an increasing health problem, particularly in hospitalized patients. Plasmids of these organisms determine a variety of beta-lactamases, enzymes that are responsible for resistance to penicillins, cephalosporins, and related beta-lactam antibiotics. Based on substrate profile, molecular weight, isoelectric point, and other properties, more than 20 plasmid-mediated beta-lactamases are presently known. As the major biochemical mechanisms for resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics it is important to understand how these enzymes are related genetically and how they are evolving in response to the changing selection pressure imposed by the introduction of new beta-lactam drugs.
The aims of this proposal are: 1) To establish homology relationships among the various beta-lactamase genes by preparing specific probes from sequenced TEM-1 and CEP-1 genes and from OXA-1 and PSE-1 genes that we have cloned for hybridization against isolated restriction fragments determining the 21 beta-lactamase gene types. 2) To investigate the possible origin of beta-lactamase from endopeptidases involved in cell wall biosynthesis by hybridization studies between genes determining beta-lactamases and cloned genes determining penicillin binding proteins of Escherichia coli. 3) To compare the nucleotide sequence of selected beta-lactamase genes cloned in phage M13 vectors to determine the molecular details of their evolutionary relationships. 4) To elucidate structural features responsible for the activity of beta-lactamases against various beta-lactam substrates by comparing the sequences of enzymes with different substrate profiles, by sequence alterations through site-directed mutagenesis, and by the generation in vitro of beta-lactamase gene hybrids. An understanding of how beta-lactamase genes have evolved and have developed the capacity to hydrolyze new substrates should assist in the design of even more efficient beta-lactam antibiotics.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01AI020415-02
Application #
3130087
Study Section
Microbial Physiology and Genetics Subcommittee 2 (MBC)
Project Start
1984-09-30
Project End
1987-08-31
Budget Start
1985-09-01
Budget End
1986-08-31
Support Year
2
Fiscal Year
1985
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Massachusetts General Hospital
Department
Type
DUNS #
City
Boston
State
MA
Country
United States
Zip Code
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Arstila, T; Jacoby, G A; Huovinen, P (1993) Evaluation of five different methods to prepare bacterial extracts for the identification of beta-lactamases by isoelectric focusing. J Antimicrob Chemother 32:809-16
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Jacoby, G A; Archer, G L (1991) New mechanisms of bacterial resistance to antimicrobial agents. N Engl J Med 324:601-12
Huovinen, P; Jacoby, G A (1991) Sequence of the PSE-1 beta-lactamase gene. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 35:2428-30
Jacoby, G A; Carreras, I (1990) Activities of beta-lactam antibiotics against Escherichia coli strains producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 34:858-62
Rice, L B; Willey, S H; Papanicolaou, G A et al. (1990) Outbreak of ceftazidime resistance caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamases at a Massachusetts chronic-care facility. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 34:2193-9

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