This application extends work performed during the previous project period, in which we (i) used genome-wide RNAi screens in Drosophila to identify human ORAI1 as a pore subunit of the Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channel;(ii) confirmed previous reports that Drosophila Stim and human STIM1 are key regulators of store-operated Ca2+ entry;and (iii) showed that a missense mutation in ORAI1 was responsible for a hereditary severe combined immundeficiency syndrome affecting two human patients. Since then, there has been an explosion of new information on STIM- ORAI interactions. STIM proteins are Ca2+ sensors located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), that sense Ca2+ levels in the ER lumen. In response to store depletion, STIM1 and STIM2 oligomerise and move to sites of ER membrane-plasma membrane (ER-PM) apposition where they cause CRAC channels (containing ORAI proteins) to open. Overexpression of STIM and ORAI in a variety of cell types leads to the appearance of large CRAC currents, and expression of a C-terminal fragment of STIM1 can induce the opening of CRAC channels containing ORAI1. Here we will build on these data to extend our understanding of how STIM and ORAI interact to cause CRAC channel opening.
In Aim 1, we will define the structural and functional aspects of the STIM1-ORAI1 interaction, and attempt to reconstitute STIM-ORAI signalling in a minimal system in the absence of any other components that might contribute to store-operated Ca2+ entry.
In Aim 2, we will use a proteomic approach to identify components of ER membrane-plasma membrane (ER-PM) appositions containing STIM and ORAI, that may functionally modulate STIM-ORAI interactions in mammalian cells.
In Aim 3, we will follow up on a genome-wide RNAi screen that we have already performed in mammalian cells, with the objective of identifying new regulators of Ca2+ homeostasis and STIM-ORAI coupling, including mitochondrial regulators such as the mitochondrial uniporter. Together, the proposed experiments should increase our understanding of STIM-ORAI coupling and store-operated Ca2+ entry in several contexts, allowing us to (i) define important structural aspects of the STIM1-ORAI1 interaction;(ii) reconstitute the interaction functionally in minimal systems using recombinant proteins;(iii) identify functional components of larger protein complexes at the plasma membrane of mammalian cells;and (iv) put the interactions into the context of overall Ca2+ homeo- stasis mediated by intracellular proteins and organelles (e.g. mitochondria), again in mammalian cells. The work is broadly relevant to many biological systems, since STIM-ORAI proteins mediate store- operated Ca2+ entry not only in immune/ haematopoietic cells (T and B lymphocytes, mast cells, platelets) but also in skeletal muscle and potentially many other cell types.

Public Health Relevance

No more than 2-3 sentences, describe the relevance of this research to public health. In this section be succinct and use plain language that can be understood by a general, lay audience. Ca2+ is a universal second messenger that is used by all cells, including those of the brain, heart, muscle and immune system, to control a huge diversity of cellular functions. In the previous project period, we identified two essential proteins, STIM and ORAI, that regulate a specialized process of """"""""store-operated"""""""" Ca2+ entry into cells, and showed that mutations in ORAI1 and STIM1 are the underlying cause of at least three instances of hereditary severe combined immunodeficiency in human patients. Here we will use cutting-edge approaches, such as proteomics and genome-wide RNAi screens, to investigate how STIM and ORAI control Ca2+ entry. We expect to identify new regulatory proteins that will provide novel therapies for cancer and autoimmune disease.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01AI084167-07
Application #
7932765
Study Section
Cellular and Molecular Immunology - A Study Section (CMIA)
Program Officer
Mallia, Conrad M
Project Start
2005-09-01
Project End
2014-08-31
Budget Start
2010-09-01
Budget End
2011-08-31
Support Year
7
Fiscal Year
2010
Total Cost
$554,745
Indirect Cost
Name
La Jolla Institute
Department
Type
DUNS #
603880287
City
La Jolla
State
CA
Country
United States
Zip Code
92037
Gudlur, Aparna; Zeraik, Ana Eliza; Hirve, Nupura et al. (2018) Calcium sensing by the STIM1 ER-luminal domain. Nat Commun 9:4536
Hirve, Nupura; Rajanikanth, Vangipurapu; Hogan, Patrick G et al. (2018) Coiled-Coil Formation Conveys a STIM1 Signal from ER Lumen to Cytoplasm. Cell Rep 22:72-83
Pollak, Adam J; Liu, Canzhao; Gudlur, Aparna et al. (2018) A secretory pathway kinase regulates sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ homeostasis and protects against heart failure. Elife 7:
Gudlur, Aparna; Hogan, Patrick G (2017) The STIM-Orai Pathway: Orai, the Pore-Forming Subunit of the CRAC Channel. Adv Exp Med Biol 993:39-57
Hogan, Patrick G (2017) Calcium-NFAT transcriptional signalling in T cell activation and T cell exhaustion. Cell Calcium 63:66-69
Mognol, Giuliana P; Spreafico, Roberto; Wong, Victor et al. (2017) Exhaustion-associated regulatory regions in CD8+ tumor-infiltrating T cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 114:E2776-E2785
Srinivasan, P (2016) Multifunctional-layered materials for creating membrane-restricted nanodomains and nanoscale imaging. Appl Phys Lett 108:033702
Quintana, Ariel; Rajanikanth, Vangipurapu; Farber-Katz, Suzette et al. (2015) TMEM110 regulates the maintenance and remodeling of mammalian ER-plasma membrane junctions competent for STIM-ORAI signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 112:E7083-92
Hogan, Patrick G (2015) Sphingomyelin, ORAI1 channels, and cellular Ca2+ signaling. J Gen Physiol 146:195-200
Jing, Ji; He, Lian; Sun, Aomin et al. (2015) Proteomic mapping of ER-PM junctions identifies STIMATE as a regulator of Ca²? influx. Nat Cell Biol 17:1339-47

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