People lacking CD4+ T cells due to acquired or primary immunodeficiency usually become ill due to infection with microbes such as Mycobacteria, Salmonella, and Cryptococcus that persist in the phagosomes of phagocytes. Phagosomal pathogens are normally controlled by IFN-?-producing Th1 cells in granulomas that form at the initial site of infection. For unknown reasons, however, the Th1 cells can not eliminate the microbes from the granulomas. The regulatory mechanisms that allow Th1 cells to control these infections in granulomas without eliminating them are not understood. This knowledge gap has prevented the development of effective vaccines for phagosomal pathogens that now afflict billions of people. The goal of this project is to close this gap by using state of the art cell tracking and mouse genetic techniques to study how Th1 cells specific for peptides from the prototypical phagosomal pathogen Salmonella enterica and associated granulomas develop during infection. We will build on our finding that S. enterica infection drives the formation of two types of Th1 cells expressing different chemokine receptors by testing the idea that persistent infection and thymic production of new T cells drives a cycle in which one Th1 population generates the senescent and cytotoxic other one. We will use fluorescent bacteria to determine whether these Th1 populations kill the bacteria in phagocytes or kill the phagocytes that harbor the bacteria. We will also determine whether these processes occur in macrophage-rich granulomas and what role Th1 cells play in granuloma formation by manipulating the Th1 cells and granuloma macrophages. The potential payoff from this project is an understanding of this unusual form of non-sterilizing microbial control that protects immunocompetent individuals from some of the deadliest pathogens but has been impossible to harness via vaccination.

Public Health Relevance

CD4+ T cell-deficient people are afflicted by microbes that persist in phagocytes. We will use new technologies to understand why CD4+ T cells are so important for protective immunity to phagocyte infecting-microbes with the goal of informing new vaccines.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01AI103760-09
Application #
10112150
Study Section
Immunity and Host Defense (IHD)
Program Officer
Jiang, Chao
Project Start
2013-03-15
Project End
2023-02-28
Budget Start
2021-03-01
Budget End
2022-02-28
Support Year
9
Fiscal Year
2021
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Minnesota Twin Cities
Department
Microbiology/Immun/Virology
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
555917996
City
Minneapolis
State
MN
Country
United States
Zip Code
55455
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Kotov, Dmitri I; Kotov, Jessica A; Goldberg, Michael F et al. (2018) Many Th Cell Subsets Have Fas Ligand-Dependent Cytotoxic Potential. J Immunol 200:2004-2012
Karunakaran, Karuna P; Yu, Hong; Jiang, Xiaozhou et al. (2017) Identification of MHC-Bound Peptides from Dendritic Cells Infected with Salmonella enterica Strain SL1344: Implications for a Nontyphoidal Salmonella Vaccine. J Proteome Res 16:298-306
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