Household contact investigation is an evidence-based, WHO-recommended approach to finding undiagnosed patients with tuberculosis (TB) that is now being implemented in high-burden, low-income countries. During the current award period, we have identified major gaps in the delivery of TB contact investigation in Kampala, Uganda; characterized these gaps in behavioral terms; and designed, implemented, and evaluated a theory- informed strategy targeting these gaps in a household-clustered, randomized trial. Unfortunately, the strategy, ?home-based? TB contact investigation, was not effective in increasing either TB evaluation or diagnosis, although contacts and health workers both preferred it. Fidelity of delivery of the intervention's core components ? home HIV and TB testing and results reporting via text messaging ? was low, suggesting a need to refine the models of delivery. Human-Centered Design (HCD) offers a novel approach to improving the fit of interventions to household members using co-creation, rapid prototyping, and iterative testing to identify more engaging delivery solutions. Communities of Practice ? close networks of professionals that form to provide peer support and share tacit knowledge ? are increasingly recognized as resources to promote and sustain quality in health care. Therefore, we propose to collaborate with IDEO.org, a global innovator in Human- Centered Design, to refine the delivery of home-based TB contact investigation. We will also engage lay health workers using Communities of Practice to adapt and sustain delivery of core intervention components. We will then evaluate the refined implementation strategy in a stepped-wedge, cluster-randomized trial in six urban Ugandan communities not involved in the HCD refinements. We will determine if the HCD-refined strategy ? home-based TB contact investigation delivered via lay health worker communities of practice ? improves the quality, yield, and sustainability of household TB contact investigation relative to a standard strategy. Finally, we will carry out a detailed process evaluation with nested mixed-methods studies to assess fidelity/adaptation, sustainability, and their determinants, as well as an economic evaluation (including empirical costing) to determine cost and cost-effectiveness. We will carry out this work with programmatic partners in the real-world environment provided by the Uganda TB Implementation Research Consortium. Our well-established team of investigators has relevant methodological experience (Human-Centered Design, implementation science, biostatistics, mixed-methods, economic evaluation) and content expertise (HIV, TB diagnostics and contact investigation, mobile technology). This research will make a significant contribution to public health by determining if, how, and why novel, patient-centered models for delivering household contact investigation in low-income countries are effective, efficient, sustainable, and cost-effective. We will also produce generalizable knowledge about the value of Human-Centered Design and Communities of Practice as tools and methods for improving fit and delivery of implementation strategies in low-income settings.

Public Health Relevance

Screening household members of new tuberculosis (TB) patients in low-income countries could help find many TB patients who would otherwise be missed. Currently, however, the yield of this strategy is low. In this project, we will learn if, how, and why two exciting new tools ? Human-Centered Design and Communities of Practice ? can be used to transform how we find, treat, and prevent TB in households in low-income countries.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01AI104824-07
Application #
9849155
Study Section
Dissemination and Implementation Research in Health Study Section (DIRH)
Program Officer
Lacourciere, Karen A
Project Start
2013-06-17
Project End
2023-12-31
Budget Start
2020-01-01
Budget End
2020-12-31
Support Year
7
Fiscal Year
2020
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Yale University
Department
Public Health & Prev Medicine
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
043207562
City
New Haven
State
CT
Country
United States
Zip Code
06520
Ggita, J M; Ojok, C; Meyer, A J et al. (2018) Patterns of usage and preferences of users for tuberculosis-related text messages and voice calls in Uganda. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 22:530-536
White, Elizabeth B; Meyer, Amanda J; Ggita, Joseph M et al. (2018) Feasibility, Acceptability, and Adoption of Digital Fingerprinting During Contact Investigation for Tuberculosis in Kampala, Uganda: A Parallel-Convergent Mixed-Methods Analysis. J Med Internet Res 20:e11541
Ochom, E; Meyer, A J; Armstrong-Hough, M et al. (2018) Integrating home HIV counselling and testing into household TB contact investigation: a mixed-methods study. Public Health Action 8:72-78
Shelby, T; Meyer, A J; Ochom, E et al. (2018) Social determinants of tuberculosis evaluation among household contacts: a secondary analysis. Public Health Action 8:118-123
Armstrong-Hough, M; Ggita, J; Turimumahoro, P et al. (2018) 'Something so hard': a mixed-methods study of home sputum collection for tuberculosis contact investigation in Uganda. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 22:1152-1159
Meyer, Amanda J; Babirye, Diana; Armstrong-Hough, Mari et al. (2018) Text Messages Sent to Household Tuberculosis Contacts in Kampala, Uganda: Process Evaluation. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 6:e10239
Armstrong-Hough, Mari; Ggita, Joseph; Ayakaka, Irene et al. (2018) Brief Report: ""Give Me Some Time"": Facilitators of and Barriers to Uptake of Home-Based HIV Testing During Household Contact Investigation for Tuberculosis in Kampala, Uganda. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 77:400-404
Ayakaka, Irene; Ackerman, Sara; Ggita, Joseph M et al. (2017) Identifying barriers to and facilitators of tuberculosis contact investigation in Kampala, Uganda: a behavioral approach. Implement Sci 12:33