Despite optimal antiretroviral therapy (ART), HIV-infected individuals continue to have an increased risk of mortality and several aging-associated morbidities than the general population. The chronic inflammatory state of treated HIV infection appears to predict many of these morbidities and is also thought to lead to premature immunosenescence, functional T cell defects typically seen in much older HIV-uninfected individuals. However, the specific T cell defects that impair functional immune responses in treated HIV infection are unknown and may be quite distinct from those observed in aging. Preliminary data from our group suggests that the proliferative history marker CD57 is abnormally low on effector CD28- CD8+ T cells in HIV-infected individuals, increases during suppressive ART, but fails to normalize. This persistently low CD57 defect during ART is associated with monocyte activation and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) induction, known drivers of proliferative T cell defects, and strongly predicts increased mortality in this setting. These CD8+ T cell defects are quite distinct from aging-associated immunosenescence, which is typically characterized by increased CD57 on effector CD8+ T cells. These data motivated the hypothesis that the phenotypic T cell defects responsible for functional adaptive immune defects in treated HIV disease are quite distinct from those observed in elderly HIV-infected individuals. We will address this hypothesis directly in a cohort of 200 HIV-infected and 100 HIV-uninfected individuals with the following specific aims: 1) To determine whether HIV-infected individuals maintaining ART-mediated viral suppression have poorer vaccine responsiveness than age-matched HIV-uninfected individuals and whether these defects can be reversed by early initiation of ART, 2) to characterize the phenotypic T cell defects that predict poor vaccine responsiveness in both treated HIV infection and aging, and 3) to characterize the relationship between innate immune activation pathways and poor vaccine responsiveness in treated HIV infection and aging. By characterizing the immunologic determinants of impaired vaccine responsiveness in treated HIV infection and how they may differ from those of aging-associated immunosenescence, this project will help identify targets for novel interventions to restore immune function and health in HIV-infected individuals.

Public Health Relevance

Despite optimal treatment, people living with HIV infection have a shorter life expectancy than the general population and remain at higher risk for many diseases typically associated with the aging process. Persistent inflammation and functional defects in the immune system may explain these risks. This project will investigate the specific immune system abnormalities that prevent HIV-infected people from responding effectively to vaccines in an effort to identify targets for new therapies to further improve their health.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01AI110271-02
Application #
8849367
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZRG1)
Program Officer
Lawrence, Diane M
Project Start
2014-06-01
Project End
2019-05-31
Budget Start
2015-06-01
Budget End
2016-05-31
Support Year
2
Fiscal Year
2015
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
University of California San Francisco
Department
Internal Medicine/Medicine
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
094878337
City
San Francisco
State
CA
Country
United States
Zip Code
94118
Hunt, Peter W (2017) Very Early ART and Persistent Inflammation in Treated HIV. Clin Infect Dis 64:132-133
Rutishauser, Rachel Lena; Hartogensis, Wendy; Deguit, Christian Deo et al. (2017) Early and Delayed Antiretroviral Therapy Results in Comparable Reductions in CD8+ T Cell Exhaustion Marker Expression. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 33:658-667
Klatt, Nichole R; Hunt, Peter W (2017) MicroRNAs: novel tools to block gut inflammation in HIV? AIDS 31:2017-2018
Utay, Netanya S; Hunt, Peter W (2016) Role of immune activation in progression to AIDS. Curr Opin HIV AIDS 11:131-7
Avelino-Silva, Vivian I; Miyaji, Karina T; Hunt, Peter W et al. (2016) CD4/CD8 Ratio and KT Ratio Predict Yellow Fever Vaccine Immunogenicity in HIV-Infected Patients. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 10:e0005219
Hunt, Peter W; Lee, Sulggi A; Siedner, Mark J (2016) Immunologic Biomarkers, Morbidity, and Mortality in Treated HIV Infection. J Infect Dis 214 Suppl 2:S44-50
Hunt, Peter W (2014) HIV and aging: emerging research issues. Curr Opin HIV AIDS 9:302-8