Although vaccines represent one of the triumphs of medicine, highly effective vaccines have not yet been developed for many devastating diseases, including malaria, cancer, HIV/AIDs or tuberculosis, nor is there a universal vaccine for influenza. Each of these diseases requires a differently tuned immune response, with unique specificities and phenotypes of T cell memory and antibody responses, a diversity that is difficult to achieve with the limited arsenal of delivery systems and adjuvants that is currently available. This project, which involves a close collaboration between research groups led by a bioengineer and a basic immunologist, will focus on the development of a potentially new vaccine platform that is based on antigenic peptides and proteins that are designed to self-assemble into nanofiber materials. By virtue of their modular non-covalent construction and ability to incorporate a wide variety and dose of different antigens and immunostimulating compounds, we posit that these materials can be quickly and systematically tuned to independently optimize both the strength and phenotype of B cell and T cell responses. Independent tuning of T and B cell responses is more limited for current subunit vaccines with a limited choice of FDA-approved adjuvants, for whole-organism vaccines, or even for other self-assembling systems. Furthermore, we have recently found that peptide nanofibers elicit strong T cells and B cell response, yet they elicit no discernable inflammation at the site of immunization, which is in contrast with other clinical and investigational adjuvants. These nanofibers require signaling through MyD88 for their activity, although the full mechanism of their immunogenicity through this pathway has not yet been elucidated. Accordingly, this project consists of two integrated goals. The first is to elucidate the mechanism of how self- assembled peptide nanofibers stimulate strong immune responses, for T cells (Aim 1) and B cells (Aim 2). The working model of T cell activation is that self-assembling nanofibers stimulate antigen-presenting cells (APCs) via signaling pathways that require the adaptor protein, MyD88, and that they activate only the dendritic cells (DCs) in the draining lymph nodes that acquire the nanofibers. In contrast, particulate adjuvants such as alum activate broader populations of APCs at the injection site. The working model for the stimulation of B cell/antibody responses is that Q11 nanofibers activate complement and initially engage, via complement receptor 2 (CR2), marginal zone B cells that shuttle antigen-Q11 to the B cell follicles where they engage antigen-specific B cells. The second goal is to design new capabilities into the nanofiber system, including a novel means for including folded protein antigens, ways to include specific amounts of selected TLR agonists, and strategies to stimulate CD8+ T cell responses. Combining the new materials and mechanistic insight acquired, we will iteratively refine and test multi-antigen self-assemblies as vaccines against influenza in mice.

Public Health Relevance

This project will contribute to human health by developing new materials as flexible vaccine platforms. It will investigate a novel adjuvant property of self-assembled peptide fibrils towards raising protective immune responses against a range of pathogens that currently cannot be vaccinate against. As a proof-of-concept it will also develop lead formulations for a vaccine against influenza infection.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01AI118182-05
Application #
9614880
Study Section
Vaccines Against Microbial Diseases Study Section (VMD)
Program Officer
Lane, Mary Chelsea
Project Start
2015-01-01
Project End
2019-12-31
Budget Start
2019-01-01
Budget End
2019-12-31
Support Year
5
Fiscal Year
2019
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Duke University
Department
Biomedical Engineering
Type
Biomed Engr/Col Engr/Engr Sta
DUNS #
044387793
City
Durham
State
NC
Country
United States
Zip Code
27705
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Solano, Carolina Mora; Wen, Yi; Han, Huifang et al. (2018) Practical Considerations in the Design and Use of Immunologically Active Fibrillar Peptide Assemblies. Methods Mol Biol 1777:233-248
Si, Youhui; Wen, Yi; Kelly, Sean H et al. (2018) Intranasal delivery of adjuvant-free peptide nanofibers elicits resident CD8+ T cell responses. J Control Release 282:120-130
Si, Youhui; Wen, Yi; Chen, Jianjun et al. (2018) MyD88 in antigen-presenting cells is not required for CD4+ T-cell responses during peptide nanofiber vaccination. Medchemcomm 9:138-148
Wu, Yaoying; Collier, Joel H (2017) ?-Helical coiled-coil peptide materials for biomedical applications. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 9:
Mora-Solano, Carolina; Wen, Yi; Han, Huifang et al. (2017) Active immunotherapy for TNF-mediated inflammation using self-assembled peptide nanofibers. Biomaterials 149:1-11
Kelly, Sean H; Shores, Lucas S; Votaw, Nicole L et al. (2017) Biomaterial strategies for generating therapeutic immune responses. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 114:3-18
Wen, Yi; Waltman, Amelia; Han, Huifang et al. (2016) Switching the Immunogenicity of Peptide Assemblies Using Surface Properties. ACS Nano :
Vigneswaran, Yalini; Han, Huifang; De Loera, Roberto et al. (2016) This paper is the winner of an SFB Award in the Hospital Intern, Residency category: Peptide biomaterials raising adaptive immune responses in wound healing contexts. J Biomed Mater Res A 104:1853-62
Sun, Tao; Han, Huifang; Hudalla, Gregory A et al. (2016) Thermal stability of self-assembled peptide vaccine materials. Acta Biomater 30:62-71

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